T-180
| БАЗ | |
|---|---|
A T-180G with a dozer blade on the grounds of the museum around the excavator 1452 (2010) |
|
| T-180 | |
| Manufacturer: | Bryansky Avtomobilny Zavod |
| Sales designation: | Т-180 |
| Production period: | 1965–1989 / 92 (?) |
| Engines: | Six cylinder diesel engine |
| Traction: | approx. 150 kN |
| Length: | 5420 mm |
| Width: | 2740 mm |
| Height: | 2825 mm |
| Wheelbase: | 3220 mm |
| Gauge: | 2040 mm |
| Turning radius: | 2040 mm |
| Ground clearance: | 550 mm |
| Standard tires: | Caterpillars |
| Top speed: | 6.7-12 km / h |
| Empty weight: | 14,950 kg |
| Previous model: | T-140 |
| Successor: | none |
The T-180 ( Russian Т-180 ) is a Soviet chain tractor that was produced from 1965 in the Brjanski Avtomobilny Sawod (German: Brjansker Automobilwerk, abbreviated БАЗ or BAZ). The vehicle was used both in agriculture for soil cultivation and in industry as a bulldozer and pipelayer and was built in different versions, some copies also came to the GDR .
Vehicle history
The Brjanski Awtomobilny Sawod was founded in 1958 as a branch of ZIL and primarily dealt with the production of military technology. In the same year, however, the production of heavy chain tractors of the type T-140, which had been developed as S-140 (S for "Stalinez") in the Chelyabinsky Traktorny Sawod , also began. In the course of the relocation of production and the de-Stalinization , the designation was changed to T-140.
From 1961 the Brjansk plant developed a modernized version of the vehicle. The biggest innovation was the six-cylinder pre-chamber diesel engine of the type D-180 with 175 HP (129 kW) rated power. Its construction corresponded to the four-cylinder of the smaller T-100 from the production in Chelyabinsk, all essential components of the engines were standardized as far as possible. The six-cylinder engine has a displacement of slightly more than 20 l, a low compression ratio of 14: 1 and develops its rated power at 1100 min -1 . Series production of the machines began in 1965 and replaced the T-140. In addition, the front of the tractors was optically modified slightly, the T-140 still had the straight radiator grille, as it was typical for the tractors from Chelyabinsk (e.g. Stalinez-80 , Stalinez-100 ).
Although referred to as a tractor in Russian and a tractor in German by the manufacturer, the vehicles were only used to a limited extent in agriculture. Due to the low speeds and high fuel consumption, they were mostly only used for deep plowing or for the development of new and fallow land. These were the areas of application where the good traction and the high pulling force outweighed the disadvantages. The majority of the vehicles were used in the construction industry as bulldozers or as carrier vehicles for special machines. There they were on the order of magnitude between the smaller T-100 and the much larger DET-250 . Special variants have also been designed and built for use in particularly cold areas or for use in mining. In addition, the T-180 served as a base vehicle for various pipelayers in pipeline construction . These machines were also delivered without a cab, weighed significantly more than the basic version and could lift pipe sections up to 35 t in weight.
In the course of time, various deficiencies in the construction became apparent in practical use. The crankshaft of the six-cylinder diesel engine tended to break due to its length. The vehicle's pneumatic control system caused problems, especially in cold temperatures, because condensate froze in the system and the tractor could no longer be controlled correctly. The crawler tracks were also a weak point; they were undersized for heavy-duty applications, which resulted in material fatigue and breakage more often. Despite these shortcomings, BAZ produced 1400 machines a year at times.
The tractors have been painted yellow or orange from the factory in recent years, earlier examples in a shade of gray that was typical for all Soviet chain tractors of the 1960s. When exactly the series production of the T-180 was stopped is not certain. Some of the special vehicles were taken out of production around 1987, and the basic model also disappeared from the product catalogs in 1989. Nevertheless, individual vehicles with the year of construction 1992 are known. The end of production must also be seen against the background that the Tscheljabinski Traktorny Sawod took over the similarly strong, but much more modern constructed T-170 chain tractor into series production in 1988. Today there are only relatively few T-180s in use and information about the machines is difficult to access because the manufacturing plant has always manufactured military vehicles such as mobile rocket launchers throughout its existence and was therefore subject to secrecy. BAZ completely stopped the production of chain tractors with the T-180 and now only manufactures special trucks for military and civil applications.
Model variants
In almost 30 years of production, different versions of the T-180 rolled off the production line. The list below is not exhaustive, but is intended to provide an overview.
- T-180 - basic version, built from 1965. Without hydraulic equipment , blade or rear ripper .
- DS-24A - First version of dozer based on the T-180, still without a hydraulic system. The height of the sliding plate was adjusted using a cable pull system. Later revised to the DS-25 and DS-35.
- T-180G - model with hydraulic system and dozer blade. The weight (without shield) increased to about 15.5 tons, and another gearbox was installed, increasing the top speed to just under 12 km / h.
- T-180G2 - Revised variant of the T-180G.
- T-180S - version for use in regions with particularly cold climates.
- T-180KS - For use in mining and open-cast mining.
- D-804M - Pipelayer based on the T-180 with side crane and counterweight, initially without a cab. Later versions were equipped with a cabin. With this machine pipeline pipes up to 1020 mm in diameter and 35 tons in weight could be laid. It is the modernized variant (M) of the D-804 based on the predecessor tractor T-140. The complete machine including the boom was also known as the TG-351 and was completed in other plants.
- D-804PG - base vehicle for various front attachments, including for dozer blades.
- WWPS-32/19 - Ram with T-180 as the base vehicle.
In addition to dozers and rippers, various special attachments were developed for the T-180, some of which were powered by PTO shafts. Among them were Plows, meliorative , scrapers , snow blowers, front loader (use as Loader ) and log grapple for loading of logs in the forest industry.
Technical specifications
The following data refer to the basic model T-180 without a dozer blade and lifting devices. The travel speeds refer to the D-804M version, which only differs in terms of attachments.
- Engine: six-cylinder in-line engine
- Working principle: four-stroke diesel engine
- Motor type: D-180
- Power: 128.8 kW (175 hp) at 1100 min -1
- Displacement: 20.28 l
- Bore: 145 mm
- Stroke: 205 mm
- Compression: 14: 1
- specific fuel consumption : 238 g / kWh
- Tank capacity: 325 l
- Engine weight: 2600 kg
- Starter: Two-cylinder P-23 gasoline engine with electric starter
- Transmission type: manual transmission with four forward gears and one reverse gear
- Speeds:
- forward: 2.74–6.68 km / h
- Creep speed: 2.09 km / h
- backwards: 3.08 km / h
- Pulling force : maximum 147.2 kN
Dimensions and weights
- Length: 5420 mm
- Height: 2825 mm
- Width: 2740 mm without dozer blade
- Ground clearance: 550 mm (version as a tractor)
- Track width: 2040 mm
- Wheelbase between drive and idler wheel: 3220 mm
- Chain width: 580 mm
- Height of the ribs of the tracks: 75 mm
- Weight: 14,950 kg
- Power-to-weight ratio : 8.6 kW / t
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specific ground pressure :
- on firm ground: 0.48 kg / cm²
- on soft ground: 0.315 kg / cm²
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h A. Kurglow: ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЕ ТРАКТОРЫ, Часть 1 . On the history of the Soviet chain tractor construction (Russian)
- ↑ a b c Uwe Siemer: Tractors from the Soviet Union. A chronicle from the beginnings to 1990. P. 9 f.
- ↑ History of the plant with notes in the margin on tractor production (Russian)
- ↑ Image of a restored S-140, optically corresponds to the T-140
- ↑ a b Overview of the tractors and construction machines built by BAZ with photographs (Russian)
- ↑ History of the Chelyabinsk plant on its website (Russian)
- ↑ Collection of technical data for version T-180 (Russian)
- ↑ Technical data of the D-804M (Russian)
literature
- Uwe Siemer: Tractors from the Soviet Union. A chronicle from the beginning until 1990. TRAKULA, Rastede. Without ISBN, around 2015.
