Taddeo Alderotti

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Taddeo Alderotti (also: Thaddaeus Alderottus , Thaddäus Florentinus and Taddeo degli Alderoni ) (* between 1205 and 1223 in Florence ; † 1295 or 1303 ) was an Italian doctor and founder of a medical school and thus the third (medical) university in Bologna .

Life

Alderotti comes from a Florentine family whose members are medical doctors . He is said to have been born to poor people between 1205/1206 and 1223 and to have been illiterate until he was 30 years old. In his youth he made his living selling candles and devotional items in front of the Florentine churches. Around 1250 he began to study medicine himself in Bologna and eventually became a doctor there.

In 1260 he began to teach medicine in Bologna , which had emerged as an educational center for all of Europe during the previous century. There the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, Emperor Friedrich I. Barbarossa (1123–1190) founded the first western university in 1158. By that time the city had started developing a community of medical students.

In 1264 Alderotti distilled wine in Bologna and influenced z. B. also Arnaldus von Villanova , to whom the introduction of alcohol (Aqua ardens or Aqua Vita) into medicine is usually ascribed. Alderotti was the first to describe an advanced still ( alembic ) with a coiled outlet pipe that was liquid-cooled and was therefore basically suitable for alcohol distilling .

Years later, Dante Alighieri described him in his Divine Comedy (XII, 82-85) as a "Hippocratist" d. H. Successor to Hippocrates . He is considered a role model for Alderotti, and like Hippocrates, he sought the causes of illness in science rather than religion. Taddeo Alderotti also reintroduced Hippocrates' practice of teaching medicine at the patient's head.

Taddeo Alderotti was an early advocate of serious medical study and practice. Between 1274 and 1288 he tried to get the city authorities to extend the legal status of medical teachers and students to that of their colleagues in the law school.

Among his books were the Consilia , a series of case studies that were presented alongside medical reports on each case.

He is also considered to be one of the founders of the written Italian language.

His students included u. a. Tommaso del Garbo , Dino del Garbo , Gentile da Foligno , Bartolomeo da Varignana , Mondino dei Luzzi and Pietro Torrigiano Rustichelli . He indirectly influenced Pietro de Tussignana and Bavarius de Bavariis.

Works

  • De conservatione sanitatis
  • In Claudii Galeni artem parvam commentarii
  • De virtutibus aquae vitae ( Of the virtues of the water of life )

literature

  • Gundolf Keil : Alderotti, Taddeo (degli) (Thaddeus Florentinus / de Florentia). In: Werner E. Gerabek u. a. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 31.
  • Nancy Siraisi Taddeo Alderotti and Bartolomeo da Varignana on the Nature of Medical Learning. Isis, Vol. 68, 1977, pp. 27-39.
  • Nancy Siraisi: Taddeo Alderotti and His Pupils, Two Generations of Italian Medical Learning , Princeton University Press 1981

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Edmund O. von Lippmann : Thaddäus Florentinus (Taddeo Alderotti) about the spirit of wine. In: Sudhoffs Archiv 7, 1914, pp. 379–389.
  2. ↑ See also Johannes de Rupescissa
  3. ↑ Lawrence M. Principe , article alcohol, Claus Priesner , Karin Figala : Alchemie. Lexicon of a Hermetic Science, Beck 1998, pp. 42-44
  4. ^ Taddeo Alderotti: I "Consilia". Edited by Giuseppe Michele Nardi, Turin 1937.
personal data
SURNAME Alderotti, Taddeo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian doctor and founder of a medical school
DATE OF BIRTH between 1215 and 1223
PLACE OF BIRTH Florence
DATE OF DEATH 1295 or 1303