Tajik Civil War
| date | May 5, 1992 - June 27, 1997 |
|---|---|
| place | Tajikistan |
| output | armistice |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
|
opposition |
|
| Commander | |
|
Sajid Abdullohi Nurij
|
|
.svg){kind=small}
The Tajik Civil War broke out after the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic declared itself independent under President Rahmon Nabiev in 1991 . In the struggle for power in Tajikistan , the civil war lasted until 1997.
course
The post-communist regime was briefly opposed by the Popular Front (Rastoches), but above all by the United Tajik Opposition (VTO). The VTO, in turn, includes the Party of Islamic Rebirth (PIW) , the Democratic Party (Liberals) and the Berg-Badachschan autonomy movement (counter-president Akbarscho Iskandarow ). The Tajik civil war was only subjectively a conflict between old communists, Islamic fundamentalists and democrats. It was not so much a conflict between ideologies, as it is sometimes abbreviated in the Western media, than a power struggle between regions and regional clans.
Iskandarov relied on the Ismailis in his autonomous home region in the Pamirs (east), which had effectively split off since the opposition lost the power struggle in Dushanbe and militias loyal to the government blocked the area. The PIW has its stronghold and militia in Qurghonteppa (south), the CP its armed supporters in Khujand (formerly Leninabad , where Nabiyev came from), but also in Kulob , where the popular front prevailed. There are also political forces in the Gharm region .
Nabiyevs (President September 23, 1991 to October 6, 1991 and December 2, 1991 to September 7, 1992) Allies from Kulob had the Islamic-democratic government of Iskandarov in 1991 (President October 6, 1991 to December 2, 1991 and September 7 1992 to November 19, 1992) and driven to Afghanistan , from where a Tajik government-in-exile (VTO) led counter-attacks. When, despite the intervention of Russian troops, a victory for the VTO militias became apparent in 1992, a coalition of Khujand and Kulob overthrew the president, forced Nabiiev to flee and the VTO to enter into unsuccessful negotiations. Parliamentary leader Emomalij Rahmonov asserted himself as the new president on November 20, 1992 with the help of Russian and Uzbek tanks and was re-elected on November 6, 1994. 300,000 Russians left the country, as did more than 100,000 Tajiks who fled to Afghanistan, while the Islamic-democratic-nationalist counter-government withdrew to Badakhshan.
The ceasefire reached at the end of 1994 was to be monitored by 15,000 (later 20,000) Russian border guards and a CIS peacekeeping force (up to 400 Kyrgyz) without exception, consisting of Russians, but broke in 1996. When the rebel alliance appeared to control up to 70% of the country, In the same year the government coalition broke up, there was an attempted coup by Uzbek warlords (the Uzbek minority in the north and south-west makes up about 30% of the population), but also split the opposition: one wing of the PIW and the Popular Front switched to Rahmonov, who went over to the successful counter-offensive.
The civil war ended on June 27, 1997 with a peace treaty in Moscow and a 30 percent government participation of the VTO (under PIW leader Sajid Abdullohi Nurij ) or 20% for other opposition groups. On November 6, 1999, Rahmonov was re-elected for another seven years.
Number of victims
According to official figures from the Tajik government, over 60,000 people died during the civil war. According to estimates by independent experts and media representatives, the actual death toll could be between 100 and 150,000.
Web links
- Thomas Dorenwendt: Tajikistan (UTO, 1992–1998). Department of Social Sciences, University of Hamburg
Individual evidence
- ↑ Виталий Волков: От таджикского соглашения о мире остался лишь День нацединства. In: Deutsche Welle (Russian). June 27, 2017, Retrieved June 2, 2020 (Russian).
- ↑ Усмонов: Потери гражданской войны должны быть пересчитаны. December 22, 2013, accessed June 2, 2020 (Russian).