Tarmo (ship)
 The Tarmo in the port of Kotka on May 14, 2006
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The Tarmo (Finnish: energy, energy) is the oldest preserved icebreaker in the world. During her service, she supported 350 to 450 ships annually on their journeys through the ice.
history
The construction of the Tarmo was commissioned on February 15, 1907 at the Walker shipyard in Armstrong-Whitworth in Newcastle upon Tyne . The completed ship was transferred to Finland from December 17, 1907 to January 3, 1908 . As early as February 27, 1908, it went on its first mission to support the ship Virgo . In the spring of 1910, the Tarmo then went to sea seals on behalf of the fisheries authority, with over 200 seals being killed within a week.
During the First World War - Finland was still a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire - the ship was requisitioned and used by the Russian Baltic Fleet . On March 3, 1918 during the taking place parallel to the World War Finnish civil war , occupied forces of the White Protection Corps in the port of Helsinki , the ship set sail on the same day the speaker of the Senate Pehr Evind Svinhufvud and Senator Jalmar Castrén on the run from the Red Guards to Tallinn , which was occupied by German troops at the time. In the following weeks several transports of German troops and war material were carried out to Suursaari , including the transport of the brigade z. b. V. 6 , also called Detachement Brandenstein , after Loviisa . On March 31, 1918, a historic moment finally came from a Finnish point of view: During a troop transport, the Russian icebreaker Jermak ran at full speed towards the Tarmo . The Tarmo then fired around 20 shots from its small-caliber guns on the Jermak , but no hits were scored. This incident is considered to be the first battle of the Finnish Navy.
The ship also played a role in World War II . During the winter war between the Soviet Union and Finland , the icebreaker was badly hit by 22 Soviet aircraft on January 18, 1940 on the Finnish port of Kotka . 39 people were killed and 13 injured. The ship, severely damaged at the bow and by fire, was able to reach Helsinki on its own with an auxiliary machine, where it was repaired. This also meant that the Tarmo could be used on September 13, 1941 as an escort ship for the bogus company "Nordwind" , a German-Finnish operation against the Soviet fleet, in which the sinking of the coastal armored ship Ilmarinen resulted in the worst loss of the Finnish Navy came with 271 dead.
After the war, the Tarmo resumed its original task and was officially used for the last time in the severe winter of 1970. Little is known about its whereabouts until 1990. Between 1990 and 1992 the ship was renovated and then inaugurated on May 21, 1992 as a museum ship of the Maritime Museum of Finland in the port of Kotka.
Technical specifications
The Tarmo is a 67.1 meter long and 14.3 meter wide icebreaker with a draft of 6.10 meters. It has a displacement of 2,300 tons. The plate thickness in the ice area reaches 2 cm.
The ship is equipped with two three-cylinder triple expansion piston steam engines in the bow area, the first of which achieves an indicated output of 2,400 PSi at 97 / min, the second 1,450 PSi at 107 / min. The five boilers with an operating pressure of 12 bar were originally fired with hard coal; this required 3 to 4 tons of coal per hour. A total of 450 tons was available in the coal bunker . In 1950 the firing was switched to oil. The ship can reach a top speed of 13 knots .
Sources and further information
The information in this article is largely based on:
- Tiina Mertanen (Ed.): Ice Breaking Steamer Tarmo , Publication of the Provincial Museum of Kymenlaakso no.21, Painokotka Oy, Kotka 1994, ISSN 0359-6958 - on the history of the Tarmo
- Jürgen Rohwer : 1940. In: Chronicle of the Naval War 1939–1945. Württembergische Landesbibliothek, accessed on January 2, 2014 (source January 18, 1940).
Web links
- Icebreaker Tarmo. Maritime Center Vellamo, accessed May 17, 2019 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jari Aromaa: Loss of Ilmarinen. July 10, 2011, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on June 18, 2019 (English).
Coordinates: 60 ° 28 '24 " N , 26 ° 56' 39.4" E