Yermak (ship, 1899)
 The Yermak on a photo taken before 1917
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The Russian Yermak ( Russian Ермак , German transcription: Yermak, register version until 1945 Ermack , thereafter Ermak ) was a steamship of the Imperial Russian Navy. The ship put into service in 1899 is considered one of the first real icebreakers .
history
The ship was built according to plans by Admiral Stepan Makarow of Armstrong-Whitworth in Newcastle upon Tyne and was launched on October 29, 1898. It was named after Yermak , the Russian explorer, Cossack ataman and conqueror of Siberia . The ship entered service in March 1899. The ship was designed for ice-breaking missions on the Baltic Sea and the White Sea in order to reach parts of Russia that are difficult to access in winter. It was only after Stepan Makarov had recognized the ship's good ice-breaking abilities that research trips into polar regions were undertaken.
Already on its maiden voyage the ship reached the position 81 ° 21 'N under the command of Mikhail Petrowitsch Wassiljew in 1899 and sailed the waters around Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya .
During the Russo-Japanese War , the Yermak accompanied Rear Admiral Nikolai Nebogatov's fleet until it reached the Baltic Sea.
After the beginning of World War I , the icebreaker was assigned to the Baltic fleet . On March 31, 1918, the Jermak got into a brief skirmish with the now Finnish icebreaker Tarmo , whose crew had joined the bourgeois, national Finnish camp during the Finnish civil war . This incident is considered to be the first battle of the Finnish Navy.
Between 1920 and 1930 the Jermak secured shipping in the Baltic Sea, the Arctic Ocean and the White Sea . In February 1938, the ship ran out to rescue researchers from the North Pole-1 ice drift station . On August 28, 1938, the Yermak managed to advance to the ships Georgi Sedov , Sadko and Malygin, which were trapped in the pack ice, and to break them free from the pack ice.
After some missions during the Second World War , the Jermak was converted in June 1944, weapons were dismantled and the ship was used again on the Northeast Passage . On March 26, 1949, the Yermak was awarded the Order of Lenin on the occasion of her 50 years of service . In 1964 the ship was finally decommissioned and scrapped in Murmansk.
Namesake
The ship is named after Yermak Point , a headland in northern Antarctic Victoria Land .
The Soviet icebreaker Yermak , built in 1973, was named after the historical model.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ To The Poles by Ice - Breaking Steamer. TO INTERVIEW WITH VICE-ADMIRAL MAKAROFF. By HERBERT C. FYFE. [1]
- ^ The first icebreaker in the world “Yermak” was commissioned. Retrieved January 29, 2020 .