Technical gases

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Technical gases are gases that are produced and used on an industrial scale. Some of them have a high degree of purity specified by standards , which is achieved through gas processing. Technical gases can be distinguished from the term industrial gases by this degree of purity, since the term industrial gas does not specify any material purity . Technical gases can be gases from a single element as well as gas mixtures from these pure gases. These gases get their name from the fact that the required purities can usually only be achieved by extraction in process engineering systems. In contrast, there are gases that are pumped out of natural stores and used without further treatment , such as some fuel gases , natural carbon dioxide .

use

In industry (steel, iron, copper, glass, vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc.) technical gases are used in their pure form and in mixed form. Depending on the requirements of the specific production process , the technical gases prevent a reaction (e.g. inert gas such as nitrogen or argon ) or generate a reaction (e.g. forming gas from nitrogen and hydrogen ). Technical gases are also used for leak testing (mostly helium ). Air can also be a technical gas for industry, e.g. B. Lean air .

In food technology, technical gases are regularly used as packaging gas and added to the food packaging in packaging machines or used as ripening gas in food production. Technical gases in pure form or in mixed form serve as protective gas to prevent undesired reactions (e.g. rot ) or induce desired reactions (e.g. preservation of taste, texture and appearance or ripening with banana gas ).

In analytical technology , technical gases are used for testing as zero gas or calibration gas.

In technical diving , for health reasons, apart from atmospheric air, only suitable technical gases may be used as breathing gases .

origin

Technical gases filled in gas cylinders or gas cylinder bundles can be obtained in smaller quantities from manufacturers of technical gases (in Germany e.g. Linde , Air Liquide , Praxair - today Nippon Gases , Messer Group , Westphalia etc.). If higher quantities are required, the technical gases are supplied in liquid gas tanks from these gas manufacturers to the companies and there converted on-site into the gas phase by evaporation and then made available in gaseous form.The pure technical gas is then supplied by gas mixers in the correct quality and quantity for the production process and pressure is generated as a gas mixture .

Norms

DIN EN ISO 14175 (welding consumables) specifies different degrees of purity for various technical gases. The name of a gas or gas mixture usually contains a number that represents the degree of the maximum permissible proportion of foreign gases as a negative power of ten. For example, helium 6.0 may contain a maximum proportion of 10 −6.0 or 1 ppm of foreign gases. In addition, the permissible composition of the foreign gases is specified in each case. This standard is also widely used outside of welding technology for the gases specified there, such as argon , helium or oxygen .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Technical gases in the Lexikon der Chemie , accessed on July 27, 2014.
  2. ↑ LT GASETECHNIK: Technical gases in various industries. Retrieved on February 21, 2020 (German).
  3. ↑ Linde Gas AG: Packing in a protective gas atmosphere. Retrieved on February 21, 2020 (German).
  4. ↑ LT GASETECHNIK: Technical gases in the food industry. Retrieved on February 21, 2020 (German).
  5. ↑ Linde Gas AG: Packing in a protective gas atmosphere. Retrieved on February 21, 2020 (German).
  6. ↑ Linde Gas AG: Linde opened Europe's first fully automated gas filling plant in the Marl industrial park. In: https://www.linde-gas.de . Retrieved on February 13, 2020 (German).
  7. ↑ Syntetic Air. (PDF) Messr Group GmbH, accessed on February 17, 2020 (English).
  8. ↑ Linde Gas AG: Air-heated evaporators. Retrieved on February 21, 2020 (German).
  9. ↑ LT GASETECHNIK: gas mixer . Retrieved February 21, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Summary of DIN EN ISO 14175: 2008-06 , Beuth Verlag