Temple House (Erbach)

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The so-called "temple house".
Alliance coat of arms of the Echter von Mespelbrunn and Adelsheim on the Städtel 17 building.
View from the city side.
North-east side on the Städtelbering

The so-called temple house (rarely also: Templerhaus, actually Steinernes Haus, Städtel 15a and 21) in Erbach in the Odenwald is a medieval Burgmannenhaus . It was created as part of the castle freedom of the former castle , today 's Erbach Castle .

history

The temple house belonged to the settlement of Burgmannen in front of the castle, the historical core of the medieval city Erbach, surrounded by arms of the Mümling in the area of ​​today's street Im Städtel. Burgmannen are recorded in Erbach in 1303 as Castrenses , first mentioned by name in 1372.

The name suggests that the building was built by the Knights Templar , as is the case with the other Templar houses in the Odenwald, a legend. The name can be proven in the 18th century at the earliest. Rather, it was a seat and allod of the Echter family . Conrad (Conze) Echter, documented in Erbach from 1366 to 1385, is considered to be the builder of the stone house in the Echtersche Hof. After the Echtern von und zu Mespelbrunn, so called from 1412 since Hammann I, the house came to the Counts of Erbach-Erbach in 1676. A court rider of the Echter in Erbach was first mentioned in a document in 1398. Dendrochronological studies on wood from the roof structure resulted in the years 1378/79. Conversions have been proven several times: in the first quarter of the 16th century, in the second quarter of the 17th century and in the middle of the 18th century.

In later times the first grand ducal Hessian administrative building and district office, a hospital ("Erasmusstift"), old people's home and seat of the German Red Cross were located in the temple house . Together with Erbach Castle, the house was bought by the State of Hesse in 2005. It is currently out of use.

Load shifts caused by various modifications have led to many cracks, especially in the area of ​​the window lintels , so that since 2014 many lintels and window sills had to be stabilized with wooden structures.

With the so-called Habermannsburg and the Burgmannenhaus Pavey there are other buildings of this type in the immediate vicinity.

architecture

The temple house is a residential tower leaned against the city wall in the north and also served as a defense tower there . It is a massive sandstone building with embossed corner blocks and stepped gables . The four residential floors, the attic and the cellar show that the building was not only a defensive tower but also a residential building. The heavily profiled windows were added later. They come from the late Gothic and Baroque times.

The building, located to the southwest, also belonged to the Städtel 17 house, which bears the year “1545” in a cartouche in the coat of arms, but its core could also be medieval. The alliance coat of arms of the Echter von Mespelbrunn and Adelsheim families is located on its front . It is based on the marriage of Peter Echter von Mespelbrunn (1520–1576) with Gertraud, née von Adelsheim (1525–1583), the parents of Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , Prince-Bishop of Würzburg .

The building is a cultural monument according to the Hessian Monument Protection Act and of national importance.

literature

  • Lutz Beckmann: The temple house in Erbach . In: Monument Preservation in Hessen 1/1990, pp. 43–47.
  • Lutz Beckmann u. Klaus Bingenheimer: The "temple house" in Erbach / Odenwald . Karlsruhe 2004.
  • Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Wolf, u. a .: Georg Dehio. Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hessen I: Gießen and Kassel administrative districts . Berlin 2008, p. 223.
  • A. Kittel: Contributions to the history of the Barons Echter von Mespelbrunn. Published by A. Kittel in the publishing house: A. Stuber´s Buch & Kunsthandlung, Würzburg, 1882.
  • NN: Explanations of the floor plan and cross-sectional drawing of the investigation of the property initiated by the Lower Monument Protection Authority: 59/14, Im Städtel, in Erbach, Odw. Between Steinernem Haus (Tempelhaus) (2) and the former Burgmannenhaus Im Städtel No. 17 (1) . 2001. In: Schnellerts report 2001, pp. 5-9.
  • NN: The "temple house" in Erbach . In: Denkmalpflege in Hessen 1 (1990), pp. 43–47
  • Thomas Steinmetz: The taverns from Erbach. For the formation of rule of a Reich ministerial family. Special issue 3 "Der Odenwald", magazine of the Breuberg-Bund , Breuberg-Neustadt 2000, ISBN 978-3-922903-07-9 , pp. 92–98.
  • Thomas Steinmetz: Late medieval residential towers in the Odenwald area. In: The Odenwald . Journal of the Breuberg-Bund vol. 41, 1994, issue 3, p. 97.
  • Hans Teubner and Sonja Bonin: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Odenwaldkreis. Published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen , Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1998 ( Monument Topography Federal Republic of Germany ) p. 291f. ISBN 3-528-06242-8
  • Paul Wagenknecht: The "Steinern House" - called the "Temple House" - in Erbach . In: Odenwald-Heimat 83 (2008), Heft 2, pp. 5-7.

Web links

Commons : Temple House  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dehio
  2. ↑ When the facade starts to crack . In: Darmstädter Echo , May 7, 2014. 
  3. ↑ Dehio
  4. ↑ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Tempelhaus In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hesse

Coordinates: 49 ° 39 ′ 28.9 ″  N , 8 ° 59 ′ 30.2 ″  E