Karapapaken
Karapapaks (own name: Qarapapah , Azerbaid . Qarapapaqlar ) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group in the Caucasus region . It is controversial today whether they are Turks or Azerbaijanis . But since they are linguistically closer to the latter, it is common to count them among the Azerbaijanis.
However, the Karapapaks must not be confused with the Central Asian Karakalpaks , which belong to a different language group within the Turkic languages .
Alternative names
The Karapapaks are called Karapapaklar in Turkey . An alternative name is also Turkish Terekeme or Azerbaid. Tərəkəmə .
Size and settlement areas
How many Karapapaks there are is unknown. In 1977 around 81,000 people in Turkey claimed responsibility for this ethnic group. The Karapapaks originally lived on both sides of the former Turkish - Soviet border. Today they also live sporadically in Iran , Russia and Ukraine as well as in Kazakhstan . In Europe they are totaled as Turks because of their Turkish citizenship.
In earlier times, when the Karapapaks were still nomadic , they settled in South Georgia , Northwest Armenia and South Dagestan . Groups of them also lived in north-western and central Azerbaijan .
After the conquest of their settlement areas by the Russian Tsarist Empire (1813-1828), the majority of them migrated to the Ottoman Empire and Persia .
Origin of name
The name Karapapaken ( dt. Black hats ) is derived from the black lambskin hats ( papak or kalpak ), which were worn by the men to the national costumes .
Language and religion
Linguistically , the Karapapaks stand between Turkish and Azerbaijani . But since they have greater similarities with the latter, in Azerbaijan their language is regarded and referred to as a dialect . The religion of the qarapapaqs are Muslims , with the majority Shiites are.
history
The origin of the Karapapaks is controversial and is largely in the dark. This is how some Turkologists like Fahrettin Kırzıoğlu see them in connection with the Kumyks . However, they are probably descended from several Turkic-speaking tribes . After the Russo-Turkish Wars (1878) and the new demarcation between the Ottoman and Russian empires , this people began to emigrate again. The Karapapaks appear to have been closely related to the Mesheth , who lived near their Georgian settlement areas. For example, the “Metzler Lexicon Language” lists the Meschetic as a subgroup of Karapapak.
The Karapapaks were deported to Central Asia together with other Turkic-speaking ethnic groups in 1944 and were only allowed to return to the old settlement areas in 1967.
See also
literature
- Heinz-Gerhard Zimpel: Lexicon of the world population. Geography - Culture - Society , Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-933203-84-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Glück (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Sprache , Appendix "Map Caucasian Language" (p. 774)