Terrible (ship)
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The Terrible was a ship of the line in the French Navy . It entered service in May 1780 and was scrapped in 1804.
history
After the order was placed in October 1778, the keel was laid in the Toulon naval shipyard in July 1779. It was launched in January 1780 and was equipped until May. At the time she had 94 12, 24 and 36 pound cannons. In 1781 16 more eight-pounders were erected, giving the Terrible its nominal load of 110 cannons. Your broadside increased from approx. 546 kg to approx. 578 kg. The 24-pound cannons originally set up in the middle deck were replaced by carronades . On the upper cannon deck, the 12 pound cannons were replaced by 12 pound howitzers. The sixteen eight-pounders were set up on the aft and fore decks for stern defense or as hunting armament.
In 1783 a Franco-Spanish fleet gathered in Cadiz under Admiral Estaing . The peace of Paris ended the state of war on September 3, 1783. The Terrible moved to her new home port Brest.
After another upgrade in the winter of 1793/1794, it still had 110 cannons of various types and projectile weights with a broadside weight of now 605 kg. The carronades set up in the middle deck were exchanged for the original 24-pound cannons again, 4 × 36-pound howitzers were set up on the aft deck and the number of 8-pound cannons there were reduced from 8 to 4. From 1794 she was commanded by Captain Pierre Jacque Longer.
On June 1, 1794, she fought in the naval battle of the 13th Prairial . She was the flagship of Rear Admiral Francois Joseph Bouvet . In a duel with the HMS Royal Sovereign , she was dismasted. In 1795 it was restored and took part in the winter maneuvers off Brest. With the exception of her berth in Brest, no activity was detectable until 1798.
In the spring of 1799 she became part of the fleet of Admiral Étienne Eustache Bruix and ran with this on April 25, 1799 from Brest. Arrived in front of Cadiz on May 4th, the journey went via Toulon (May 13th) to Vado Ligure (May 30th). During the siege of Genoa , the Bruix fleet managed to enter the port on March 6 and bring relief . The journey home was started on March 6th, passed Toulon on June 9th and parts of the Spanish fleet were collected in Cartagena on June 22nd. After a two-week stay in Cadiz, the combined Spanish and French fleets moved to Brest, where the Terrible arrived on August 13th. As a result of the Peace of Amiens , the Terrible was decommissioned. In November 1801, their cannons were removed. In May 1804 she was disarmed to the Hulk and broken up in October of the same year.
Armament
The armament has changed over time:
- 1780: 94 broad side = approx. 546 kg
- 1781: 110 broadside = approx. 577 kg
- 1793: 110 broadside = approx. 605 kg
In comparison, the Commerce de Marseille from 1788 had a broadside of approx . 670 kg and the British Victory in 1805 a broadside of approx. 520 kg. The Santissima Trinidad , Spanish flagship at Trafalgar, had a broadside of 676 kg in 1805.
literature
- Rif Winfield & Stephen S. Roberts: French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786-1861 . Seaforth Publishing, 2017, ISBN 978-1-4738-9351-1 .
- Roche, Jean Michel: Dictionnaire des batiments de la flotte de guerre francaise de Colbert a nos jours 1 1671-1870 p.223 . ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6 .
- Levot, Prosper: Les glires miritmes de la France . notices biographiques on les pus clebres marin. Bertrand, 1866.
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1] www.threedecks.org, Terrible
- ↑ Alain Demerliac: Nomenclature of Navires Français de 1774 à 1792 . edition omega, Nice 1995. ISBN = 2-906381-19-5
- ↑ [2] www.threedecks.org, commerce de Marseille