Teuthrania

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Teuthrania ( ancient Greek Τευθρανία ) was a landscape and the name of its main place in the western part of ancient Mysia . Both eponymous was King Teuthras , who settled this area around the Kaïkos River . Teuthras adopted Telephos , a son of Heracles , and made him his successor.

The city of Teuthrania was between Elaia , Pitane and Atarneus . The cities of Halisarna, Pergamon and Teuthrania, which are close together, were owned by the Persian King Dareios I from the Spartan King Damaratus around the year 486 BC. As thanks for his help with the expedition against Greece. The descendants of Damaratos ruled these cities at the beginning of the 4th century BC. Chr. Continues. During the retreat of the Ten Thousand from Pergamum, the Greeks became in 399 BC. Supported among other things by troops from Halisarna and Teuthrania under the command of Prokles , the son of Damaratos, who attacked the Persian army. In the Hellenica , Xenophon reports that Teuthrania, along with Pergamon, Halisarna, Gambrion, Palaigambrion, Myrina and Gryneion, made troops available for the army of the Spartan general Thibron . Thribon was sent to Asia Minor to liberate the Greek cities from Persian domination.

The place, Pergamon's mythical predecessor castle, has mostly been located on Kalerga Tepe in the province of Izmir since the investigations by Alexander Conze in 1886 . The Kalerga Tepe rises, visible from afar, above the Kaïkos plain with a double peak of 119.70 and 97.90 meters. Excavations carried out at Kalerga Tepe have revealed only remains of polygonal and isodomic masonry . Ceramic finds from archaic times are largely missing, so that there is no doubt that Kalerga Tepe was not settled until the 5th century BC. Is to be assumed. However, finds from Bronze Age ceramics testify to an earlier use of the area, which could have been the basis for the formation of myths about the beginnings of Teuthrania.

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Remarks

  1. ↑ Pindar , Olympic Odes 9.71: Τεύθραντος πεδίον “the plane of Theutra”; Aeschylus , Hiketiden 524; Stephanos of Byzantium sv Τευθρανία : Τευθρανία, Μυσίας πόλις, ἀπὸ Τεύθραντος "Teuthrania, city in Mysia, to Teuthras".
  2. ↑ Strabo 13,1,69; Pliny , Naturalis historia 5.33.
  3. ↑ Xenophon , Anabasis 7,8,8-17.
  4. ↑ Xenophon, Hellenika 3,1,6.
  5. ↑ Pausanias 1, 4, 5.
  6. ↑ Alexander Conze: Teuthrania. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute, Athenian Department. Volume 12, 1887, pp. 149-160 ( digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Andreas Grüner : The Chora of Pergamon: Final report of the Umlandsurveys 2012. In: Felix Pirson : Pergamon - report on the work in the campaign 2012. In: Archäologischer Anzeiger 2013, pp. 117–119 ( digitized at ResearchGate ).