Thioredoxin

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Human thioredoxin
Human thioredoxin
Ribbon model (right), surface model (left) of the thioredoxin dimer (reduced form) according to PDB  1AIU . Catalytic amino acids 35–37 shown as domes.
Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 104 amino acids
Secondary to quaternary structure Homodimer
Identifier
Gene names TXN  ; TRDX; TRX
External IDs
Occurrence
Homology family Thioredoxin
Parent taxon Creature
Orthologue
human House mouse
Entrez 7295 22166
Ensemble ENSG00000136810 ENSMUSG00000028367
UniProt P10599 P10639
Refseq (mRNA) NM_001244938 NM_011660
Refseq (protein) NP_001231867 NP_035790
Gene locus Chr 9: 110.24 - 110.26 Mb Chr 4: 57.94 - 57.96 Mb
PubMed search 7295 22166

Thioredoxins are small proteins with around 100 amino acids and a disulfide bridge as an active center, which are of great importance as electron-transferring cofactors in practically all organisms. In the reduced form, thioredoxins act enzymatically as oxidoreductase . Two thioredoxins are known in humans, depending on their location in the cytoplasm or the mitochondria . From studies in rats there is evidence of a role as an antioxidant and regulator of biomechanical signal transduction . Thioredoxin is not to be confused with the family of proteins that contain a thioredoxin domain . Thioredoxin binds to TXNIP .

In plants, thioredoxins play a key role in the regulation of the primary carbon change: They control the activity of enzymes of the Calvin cycle , the Rubisco activase, and support the assembly of the CF1 subunit of the ATP synthase .

structure

Thioredoxins weigh about 12  kDa . In their active center, which is directed outwards, they carry the sequence cysteine - glycine - proline - cysteine , which is responsible for the electron transfers . The two cysteine ​​groups can assume two different redox states: In oxidized thioredoxin, the cysteine ​​residues are linked to form a disulfide bridge , and there are two reduced SH groups in the enzyme.

Individual evidence

  1. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB): PROSITE documentation PDOC0172. Thioredoxin family. Retrieved August 12, 2011 .
  2. Thioredoxin.  In: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man . (English)