Thomas Maier (farmer's guide)

Thomas Maier († 1525 in Tübingen ) was from April 1525 leader of the peasant uprising on the Vogelsberg in 24-Höfe , today municipality Loßburg in Baden-Württemberg .

Life

According to the Zimmerische Chronik , Maier is said to have been from Vogelsberg ( 24 yards ). It is unclear whether Maier was a farm owner on the Vogelsberg, had married after there, and whether he was a day laborer or only held strategic-military functions “on the mountains”.

A farm owner named Maier does not appear in the stock records of the time. In 1488 the successors of the court owners are given as a side note. These appear again in the inventory books from 1560/64.

In the meantime, therefore, no Hofmeier ( farm owner, estate manager) named Maier could have been on the Vogelsberg and in the Stuhlhöfen . In addition to the farm and house owners, day laborers without real estate are also listed in the stove tax registers .

After the room's Chronicle Maier was a man of war, that is, he has a young age Landsknecht have been recruited and then - judging by his abilities - who worked his way up to a senior rank. As an absentee he wouldn’t be listed on any tax list if he didn’t own real estate.

Martin Glaser (called Braun) mentioned in the renewal of his original feud on March 27, 1526 that Thomas Maier was from Lossburg. Reinhardt von Neuneck also stated in his report that the leader Thomas Maier was from Lossburg.

In the hearth tax register of 1525, a Doman Meigers hus is mentioned in Lossburg with a considerable value . 1517 a Thomas Maier from Loßburg is mentioned in a legal dispute with Hans Graf vom Vogelsberg. Ottmar assumes that this Doman Meiger is identical to the peasant leader mentioned in the various reports. On the other hand, it was assumed that Maier, mentioned in Lossburg in 1517 and 1525, could also be the father of the rebel, since the young Maier hardly had a legal dispute with a rich farmer before he was recruited.

Thomas Maier could have lived on the Vogelsberg before his military service. All reporters, including Zimmer’s Chronicle, would be right. However, this thesis is not well founded. The farmer captain signs himself as Doman Mayger von dem Schaurtswald ( Black Forest ).

The residents on the mountains are mentioned under the Ehlenboger Amt. A meigers Hus Im Hagenloch is listed in the tax list before Hanns Graff and Jacob Graff vom Vogelsberg. No Hagenloch is listed in Ehlenbogen's stock records . At the Birkhof on 24-Höfe there was a Hagenlehen or Hagengüter. - The peasants often took soldiers in pay. It therefore remains open whether Maier approached the peasants or whether they recruited Maier as the "warrior".

At the beginning of May 1525, Thomas Maier and his followers, the "Haufen vor Wald", a nearly 2,000-strong troop, moved through the region and plundered several castles, among others. a. Neuneck , Glatt , Sulz am Neckar and Herrenberg . Austria and the Swabian Federation could not stand idly by this terror against the representatives of the ruling classes. There was a military conflict, for which the Swabian League mustered an army, and led by the farmer Jim's , Steward Georg von Waldburg-Zeil , was born on May 12, 1525 at Böblinger Goldberg one of the bloodiest battles of the peasant war being fought. 15,000 farmers, under the leadership of Thomas Mayer, his lieutenant Philipp Müller and other rebels, were put to flight by an army of 7,500, among other things because, in contrast to the enemy camp, they lacked artillery and cavalry.

After the lost battle near Böblingen on May 12, 1525, Thomas Maier was captured on his escape in the Zinsbachtal near Pfalzgrafenweiler , sentenced and beheaded in Tübingen . Most of the stolen booty was found and returned to its rightful owners.

Appreciation

The Black Forest Association local chapter Loßburg-Rodt eV began in 2002 on the inside Vogelsberg ( 24 yards , partial town of Lossburg ) the peasant leader Thomas Maier a monument.

Thomas-Mayer-Strasse in Tübingen is named after him.

literature

• Hans Saile: Historical outline of Lossburg and its sub-locations . In: Loßburger Hefte No. 5, Freudenstadt 1999, pp. 114–126
• Hans Saile: Landmarks and field names of Lossburg and its suburbs . In: Loßburger Hefte No. 9, Freudenstadt 2004, p. 184

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Chronicle of the Counts of Zimmer, Darmstadt 1967, Vol. II, p. 322
2. ↑ HStAS (Main State Archives Stuttgart): H 102/2 vol. 6 (anno 1488), vol. 12 (anno 1560/64), vol. 25 (anno 1561) and vol. 26 (anno 1560)
3. ↑ The Chronicle of the Counts of Zimmer, Darmstadt 1967, Vol. II, p. 322
4. ↑ HStAS: A 44 U 1077
5. ↑ STAs (State Archives Sigmaringen): Straight rule, No. 72nd
6. ↑ HStAS: A 54a St. 51, fol. 9a
7. ^ Ottmar, Johann, The peasant uprising of 1525 between the northern Black Forest and the upper Neckar, in: Glatter Schriften 2, Sulz 1982, p. 85
8. ↑ HStAS: H 54 Bü 51, No. 32; see. also Maurer, Hans-Martin, The Peasant War in the German Southwest, Documents - Reports - Pamphlets - Pictures, Stuttgart 1975, p. 82
9. ↑ HStAS: A 54a St. 51, fol. 2b and H 102/2 vol. 26, fol. 40a (anno 1560), vol. 72, fol. 10b (from 1802)
10. ↑ Franz. Günther, From the Chancellery of the Württemberg farmers in the Peasant War, Darmstadt 1984, p. 282
11. ^ ^{A b} Andrea Bachmann: Streets in the district [Tübingen]: Thomas-Mayer-Straße.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Tagblatt Anzeiger, November 28, 2012.  
12. ^ The Chronicle of the Counts of Zimmer, Darmstadt 1967, Vol. II, p. 325