Tiberius Claudius Nero (praetor 42 BC)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tiberius Claudius Nero (* around 85 BC; † around 33 BC) was a Roman senator and first husband of Livia Drusilla and father of the future emperor Tiberius and Drusus .

Life

Tiberius Claudius Nero came from the patrician family of the Claudians . His father also carried the prenomen Tiberius and is perhaps with the legate Tiberius Claudius Nero of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus in his pirate war in 67 BC. Chr. Identical.

First Claudius Nero is mentioned in the sources under the year 54 BC. Mentioned when he applied for the post of prosecutor of Aulus Gabinius . This was in the previous year by Ptolemy XII. allegedly bribed with 10,000 talents and was supposed to forcibly reinstate the dethroned Egyptian king in his kingdom for this considerable sum. When Gabinius in the autumn of 54 BC When he returned to Rome, he was faced with several lawsuits, including a lawsuit for bribery by Ptolemy XII, which not only Claudius Nero, but also Gaius Antonius and Gaius Memmius had applied for leadership . The latter received the right of indictment at the Divinatio on October 12th . Although defended by Marcus Tullius Cicero , Gabinius was convicted and left in December 54 BC. In exile.

Early 50 BC Claudius Nero traveled to Asia and visited Cicero, among other things, because he wanted to marry his daughter Tullia . Although the speaker showed himself to be loyal to this marriage project, it did not materialize because Publius Cornelius Dolabella had already become engaged to Tullia in Rome .

In the service of Gaius Julius Caesar , Claudius Nero commanded 48 BC. BC as quaestor and the following year as proquaestor of naval units during the Alexandrian War . In February 47 BC In BC (according to the pre-Julian calendar) he delivered a sea battle to the Egyptian fleet at Kanopos , in the course of which Euphranor , the commander of the Rhodian ships in Caesar's fleet, was destroyed. About 46 BC Claudius Nero became pontiff and held this office until his death. 46/45 BC BC he settled veterans in Gaul on Caesar's order and founded the Colonia Iulia Paterna Arelate Sextanorum (today's Arles ).

After Caesar's assassination in 44 BC Claudius Nero turned himself into a republican and supported the Caesar murderers Marcus Iunius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus . He even demanded a reward from the assassins. 42 BC He was praetor and in November of that year he became the father of the future emperor Tiberius by his much younger, only 16-year-old wife Livia. After the defeat of the Caesar murderers at Philippi (autumn 42 BC), he joined the party of the victorious triumvir Marcus Antonius for opportunistic reasons . 41 BC BC he supported Lucius Antonius , the brother of the triumvir, in the Peruvian war and thereby opposed Octavian, who later became Augustus . In the winter of 41/40 BC Claudius Nero was one of those who, along with Lucius Antonius, were besieged by Octavian's armies in Perusia . When Lucius Antonius resigned due to food shortages in February 40 BC. Claudius Nero fled via Praeneste to Naples . He tried to continue the fight against Octavian, where he wanted to recruit slaves against the promise of granting their freedom. After the failure of his efforts, he continued his flight with his wife and son to Sicily to Sextus Pompeius , whereby the little Tiberius almost betrayed his parents by loud screams while secretly sailing from Naples.

Claudius Nero allegedly felt that Sextus Pompeius did not treat him with sufficient honor and, like Fulvia , the wife of Marcus Antonius, traveled east to Greece with his family . He stopped off in Sparta , which belongs to the Claudian clientele . After Antony and Octavian in the autumn of 40 BC. They settled their disputes in the Treaty of Brundisium and in the summer of the following year also found an agreement with Sextus Pompey, Claudius Nero returned to Rome with his wife and son.

When Octavian met young Livia not long afterwards, he fell in love with her and began a relationship with her. At that time Livia was pregnant with her second son Drusus and Octavian's wife Scribonia was also pregnant with her daughter Iulia . Nevertheless, Octavian divorced Scribonia and persuaded or forced Claudius Nero to dissolve his marriage. Octavian then celebrated his wedding with Livia, in which Claudius Nero played the role of the bride's father. Three months later, Livia gave birth to her son Drusus, whom Octavian sent to his biological father Claudius Nero.

In his will, Claudius Nero appointed Octavian as guardian of his two sons and died about five years after his separation from Livia around 33 BC. Since Tiberius was nine years old when he gave his father the funeral oration.

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ CIL 11, 3517 .
  2. ↑ Florus 1, 41, 9; Appian , Mithridatius 95.
  3. ↑ Cicero , Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem 3, 1, 15; 3, 2, 1.
  4. ↑ Cicero, Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem 3, 9, 1; among others
  5. ↑ Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum 6, 6, 1.
  6. ↑ Alexandrian War 25; see. Cassius Dio 42, 40, 6; Suetonius , Tiberius 4, 1.
  7. ^ Suetonius, Tiberius 4, 1; Velleius Paterculus 2, 75, 1.
  8. ^ Suetonius, Tiberius 4, 1f. and 6, 1; Tacitus , Annals 5, 1; Cassius Dio 48, 15, 3 and 48, 44, 1; Velleius 2, 75, 1ff. and 2, 76, 1.
  9. ^ Suetonius, Tiberius 4, 3 and 6, 2; Tacitus, Annals 5, 1; Velleius 2, 77, 3.
  10. ^ Suetonius, Tiberius 4, 3; Tacitus, Annals 1, 10 and 5, 1; Cassius Dio 48, 44, 1ff .; Velleius 2, 79, 2.
  11. ^ Suetonius, Tiberius 6, 4.
personal data
SURNAME Claudius Nero, Tiberius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nero, Tiberius Claudius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Roman praetor, father of the emperor Tiberius
DATE OF BIRTH around 85 BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH around 33 BC Chr.