Claudier

Family tree of the Claudians

Emperor Claudius

The Claudians (Latin Claudii or gens Claudia ) were one of the oldest and most powerful Roman patrician families ( gentes maiores ).

For centuries its members were active in leading positions in the city and in the empire, since the 4th century BC. BC also with a plebeian branch, which was often nicknamed Marcellus (the warrior). With the end of the 2nd century BC Another nickname appeared, Nero (strong, active), which the Roman emperors Tiberius and Claudius also carried. Like Nero, Tiberius and Claudius were members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty .

Traditionally, the origin of the family is seen in Attius Clausus, a Sabine who made peace with Rome and thus found himself in an uncomfortable situation. Therefore, he preferred to see Regillus and his followers around the year 504 BC. To leave Chr. Rome took him in, made his followers citizens, gave them land and made Appius Claudius Sabinus (the name in Latin) a senator . An alternative derivation leads the name back to claudus (Latin for lame, limping).

Clodius was another plebeian version of the name used by some members of the family to get a plebeian appearance as patricians, while Claudia (and Clodia ) was used by the women. Especially in the early Principate , when members of the family ruled the empire, many new Roman citizens adopted Claudius as a gentile noun , so that the name became widespread and remained very common even after the actual Claudian family died out.

The name came to the German-speaking area in the 16th century as a first name . The female form Claudia is particularly common today.

Significant bearers of the name in antiquity, who were by no means all members of the gens Claudia , were:

• Ap. Claudius Sabinus Inregillensis, Consul 495 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus , Consul 471 BC BC (?), 451 BC Chr .; Decemvir 451 BC BC, 450 BC BC, 449 BC Chr.
• C. Claudius (Crassus?) Inregillensis Sabinus, Consul 460 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Crassus Inregillensis, Consul 349 BC Chr.
• M. Claudius Marcellus, Consul 331 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Caecus , Consul 307 BC BC, 296 BC Chr.
• M. Claudius Marcellus, Consul 287 BC Chr.
• C. Claudius Canina, consul 285 BC Chr., 273 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Russus, consul 268 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Caudex , consul 264 BC Chr.
• P. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 249 BC BC, loser of the Battle of Drepana
• C. Claudius Centho, Consul 240 BC Chr.,
• M. Claudius Marcellus , Consul 222 BC Chr., Re-elected 215 BC BC, 214 BC BC, 210 BC BC, 208 BC Chr.
• Q. Claudius, Tribune of the People 218 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 212 BC Chr.
• C. Claudius Nero, Consul 207 BC Chr.
• Ti. Claudius Nero, Consul 202 BC. Chr.
• M. Claudius Marcellus , Consul 196 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Pulcher, Consul 185 BC Chr.
• P. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 184 BC Chr.
• M. Claudius Marcellus, Consul 183 BC Chr.
• C. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 177 BC Chr.
• M. Claudius Marcellus , Consul 166 BC BC, 155 BC BC, 152 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 143 BC Chr.
• C. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 92 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 79 BC Chr.
• Claudius Glaber , praetor 73 BC BC (or a little earlier)
• Q. Claudius Quadrigarius , historian
• Ti. Claudius Nero , legate of Pompey in the pirate war in 67 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Pulcher , Consul 54 BC Chr.
• P. Claudius Pulcher, brother of the previous one, was called in P. Clodius Pulcher to
• M. Claudius Marcellus , Consul 51 BC Chr.
• C. Claudius Marcellus , Consul 50 BC Chr.
• C. Claudius Marcellus , Consul 49 BC Chr.
• Ap. Claudius Pulcher , consul 38 BC Chr.
• Marcus Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus , Consul 22 BC Chr.
• Nero Claudius Drusus , consul 9 BC Chr.

Claudius Ptolemaeus (medieval ideal portrait)

• Ti. Claudius Nero , father of the emperor Tiberius
• Ti. Claudius Nero Caesar, Emperor Tiberius (14–37)
• Ti. Claudius Nero Germanicus, Emperor Claudius (41–54)
• Claudius Drusus , son of Claudius († around 20)
• Ti. Claudius Nero Caesar, Emperor Nero (54–68)
• Claudius Ptolemy (Ptolemy), Greek astronomer, 2nd century
• Claudius Galenus (Galen), Greek doctor (* 129, † 199)
• L. Vibullius Hipparchus Ti. Claudius Atticus Herodes , Consul 143
• Cn. Claudius Severus Arabianus , Consul 146
• Cn. Claudius Severus , Consul 173
• Ti.Caudius Pompeianus , Consul 173
• Ti. Claudius Aristocles , ancient Greek philosopher
• Ti.Claudius Severus Proculus , Consul 200
• Claudius Aelianus (Aelian), teacher and rhetorician, († 222)
• Claudius Iulianus
• L. Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus , Consul 231
• Cn. Claudius Severus , consul 235
• Ti.Claudius Quintianus , Consul 235
• Claudius Gothicus , Emperor (268–270)
• M. Claudius Tacitus , Emperor (275-276)
• Claudius, Maurus and Jason , martyrs († 284)
• T. Claudius Aurelius Aristobulus, Consul 285
• Flavius ​​Claudius Constantinus , emperor (337–340)
• Flavius ​​Claudius Iulianus , emperor (361–363)
• Claudius Mamertinus , Consul 362
• Sex. Claudius Petronius Probus , Consul 371
• Flavius ​​Claudius Antonius, consul 382
• Claudius Claudianus (Claudian), poet (* around 370, † 405)
• Rutilius Claudius Namatianus , politician and poet of the 5th century
• Claudius Iulius Ecclesius Dynamius, Consul 488

For later individuals named Claudius, see Claudius (disambiguation) .

literature

• Friedrich Münzer , Edmund Groag : Claudius . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume III, 2, Stuttgart 1899, Col. 2662-2667.