Tiebel
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Tiebel Tiebelbach |
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 Representation of the Tiebel sources with drawn mills |
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| Data | ||
| location | Feldkirchen District , Carinthia , Austria | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Ossiacher See → Seebach → Drau → Danube → Black Sea | |
| Headwaters | Municipality of Himmelberg 46 ° 45 ′ 56 ″ N , 14 ° 0 ′ 50 ″ E |
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| muzzle | near Steindorf in the Ossiacher See Coordinates: 46 ° 41 '31 " N , 14 ° 0' 49" E 46 ° 41 '31 " N , 14 ° 0' 49" E
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| Discharge at the Sonnberg A Eo gauge : 91.1 km². Location: 2.56 km above the mouth |
NNQ (June 1, 1984) MNQ 1981–2011 MQ 1981–2011 Mq 1981–2011 MHQ 1981–2011 HHQ (October 6, 1982) |
13 l / s 1 m³ / s 1.71 m³ / s 18.8 l / (s km²) 10.3 m³ / s 20.6 m³ / s |
| Small towns | Feldkirchen in Carinthia | |
 Mill in the area of the Tiebel springs |
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The Tiebel or the Tiebelbach is a river in Austria in the southernmost state of Carinthia and the main tributary of the Ossiacher See near Steindorf . It rises in the municipality of Himmelberg , is additionally fed by the Gurk water flowing underground and flows through the Tiebeltal south-east to Feldkirchen . There it turns to the south-west and flows through the lead teat moor , a former, now drained wetland that merges into the Ossiacher See. The lead Instead , originally 700 hectares, was drained from 1930 to 1961. It is currently being partially flooded again to improve the water quality of the lake and to create a natural recreation area.
History of origin
In the last ice age the spur of the left Drava - glacier in the Präkowa a moraine , which the Gurk forced to change its flow direction through the "Close Gurk". The groundwater flow of the upper Gurktal seeps into an extensive layer of gravel between Maitratten and Urscherwirt and emerges again at the origin of the Tiebel after an average residence time of three to five months in storied springs.
Legends and myths
The Tiebel spring area remained a mystery to the population for a long time and fueled the assumption that there is an underground lake in the Präkowaberg . A legend tells that if in Himmelberg a “keeper” (lordly civil servant and power carrier of the count) with a significant mark in his face and at the same time a farmer in Tibel would be in possession of two black bulls, the Tibel and the entire Kesselthal would break out von Himmelberg would put under water. There was also talk that Gnesau would one day sink, Himmelberg drown and Feldkirchen suffocate in the sand, and that when the keeper of Himmelberg only had one pair of oxen left.
Characteristics of the Tiebel springs
With a constant high water flow of around 660 liters per second, the Tiebel springs are the second largest spring area in Carinthia .
With this amount of water, eight bathtubs can be filled in just one second . The pouring of water from the over 40 springs remains almost unchanged throughout the year and is largely independent of snowmelt and greater rainfall. These hydrogeological features are unique in Europe. The outlet temperature of around 7 ° C is almost constant over the season so that the springs do not freeze over during the winter.
Due to the high quality of drinking water in the Tiebel springs, they are an important drinking water reservoir for the region.
Sensitive habitat source - flora and fauna
Sources are highly sensitive habitats and offer the most regular living conditions (e.g. constant temperature) that are possible in our latitudes. This is how plants grow in winter and the animals can do without hibernation. In the vicinity of springs, swampy spring meadows usually develop: the bitter foam herb (Cardamine amara) and the real watercress (Nasturtium officinale) are both edible and popularly known as cress. Well-known flowering plants are the marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) and the spring saxifrage , as well as special types of moss. The spring orchid (Dactylorhiza maculata), a protected orchid species, also blooms in the spring area of the Tiebel .
Forest horsetail ( Equisetum sylvaticum )
Forest goat's beard ( Aruncus dioicus )
Moss soil ( bryophyta )
Numerous adapted microorganisms (microorganisms) live in springs and show the water quality as bio-indicators. In addition to spring worms, spring and well snails, there are also underground animals in the spring area, such as cave isopods and cave crabs. Insect larvae (e.g. mayflies , caddis flies , mosquitoes and dragonflies ) and the larvae of the fire salamander find suitable living conditions here.
Energy use of water
The constantly high level of water pouring in the Tiebel springs led to the development of a flourishing pan and scythe smithy and made a significant contribution to the economic and settlement development of the valley. Himmelberger scythes were delivered all over Europe and even as far as the Volga (Tatarstan) in the 18th century.
From the "Himmelberger Lied": "And the scythe hammer goes on year in, year out, and the pan smith knocks out scarfs, and the goods sent out into the wide world, such business plan bring us a lot of money."
Around 1900 there were a total of 30 house and toll mills, 10 iron and hammer mills, 10 sawmills, 1 cardboard factory and 1 powder pound from the origin of the Tiebel to the municipality border in Himmelberg. Up until the post-war period of World War II, there were 16 farm mills in operation in the source area of the Tiebel springs alone. As the last of the original eleven flour mills , only the “flour mill” has survived.
According to the prevailing water law, after three years of non-use of a mill or after the water law has expired, the "Grindel", that is, the wheel shaft is to be sawed off. Most of the mills disappeared, especially in the 50s to 70s, as, taking into account the maintenance and operating costs, they could no longer compete with cheap, large mills.
The Mehlteurer Flodermühle
The Mehlteurer mill dates from the first half of the 19th century and, together with the water, belongs to the Pfandl family's farm. With the flood drive, it is specially adapted to the water conditions in the source area and is therefore of particular cultural and historical value.
All the grain for house and farm work was ground here: rye for bread, wheat for pastries, corn for sterz (polenta) and oats for cattle. Dried wooden pears were also ground into dalken flour (for dumplings). In addition, Görtzer and Zedlitzdorf farmers were also milled for a fee. The mill used to be in operation all year round. In winter, the sprayer ice was knocked off by the “Schussursch” and the flounder with the hoe. Today the mill is put into operation from time to time for domestic use or for display purposes.
In 2002 the Mehlteurer Flodermühle was painstakingly dismantled and in 2004 it was completely rebuilt at the common Sagschneider in Tiebel. Today the mill is owned by the Ossiacher See water association.
Flour expensive mill
Flood drives on the Mehlteurer mill
Show sawmill
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2011. 119th Volume. Vienna 2013, p. OG 338, PDF (12.9 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (yearbook 2011)
- ↑ http://www.tiebeldruck.com/tiebelkurier/expenses/200805/download/TK213.pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Information boards of the community of Himmelberg at the sources and in front of the community office
