Animal charcoal

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Bone charcoal on the display board "The recovery of the bone"

As animal charcoal , Latin Carbo animalis , activated charcoal is called, which is made from charred cowhide ( leather charcoal) or animal blood ( blood charcoal), meat (meat charcoal) or from animal bones (bone charcoal) .

For the production of bone charcoal, coarsely ground and defatted bones are annealed at around 700 ° C in the absence of air. The organic substances in the bones are destroyed. This creates ammonia , bone tar , various gases and bone char.

use

Bone charcoal is used like other activated charcoal . There are examples of both contemporary and historical use:

  • Discoloration
To decolourize sugar , very large amounts of charcoal are needed for the filters, some companies use animal charcoal (a process patented by Louis Constant in 1812). According to the self-assessment, no animal charcoal is used by the German sugar manufacturers.
Animal charcoal is also sometimes used for filtering aquarium tanks and for refining petroleum.
  • Medical application
Medicinal charcoal was made from bone charcoal by dissolving most of the mineral components with hydrochloric acid . Today's medicinal charcoal is mostly an activated charcoal made from plant material such as wood . See also: charcoal .
If a mixture of bone charcoal and sugar (or syrup ) is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid , the result is bone or leg black (Cologne black). In the past (up to the beginning of the 20th century) black shoe wax , the predecessor of today's shoe polish , was made from this in cans (hard wax cream) and paints for painting.
The color name ivory black or leg black refers to a black pigment that was originally obtained from ivory that was annealed in the absence of air .
Due to its high phosphate content , bone charcoal was used as a raw material in fertilizer production from the middle of the 19th century . Thus took place the production of super phosphate , a fertilizer , by digestion of calcium phosphate bone coal with sulfuric acid .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German journal for homeopathy. Volumes 3-4. Homöopathischer Central-Verlag, 1924, p. 181.
  2. ↑ Samuel Hahnemann : Pure drug theory. Volume 6. Dresden / Leipzig 1827, pp. 160-172: Coal, Thierkohle (Carbo animalis) at Zeno.org .
  3. ↑ Ch. Lucae, M. Wischner (Hrsg.): Samuel Hahnemann: Entire drug theory. Volume 1: A-C . Haug, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-7252-0 , p. 506 f.
  4. ↑ Jeanne Yacoubou: Is Your Sugar Vegan? An Update on Sugar Processing Practices . (PDF) In: The Vegetarian Resource Group (Ed.): Vegetarian Journal . 26, No. 4, Baltimore MD, 2007, pp. 16-20. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
  5. ↑ Thomas Edward Thorpe : A dictionary of applied chemistry , Volume 1. Longmans, Green and Co., 1912, p. 264. archive.org .
  6. ↑ Is sugar vegan? Manufacturer request on vegpool.de.
  7. ↑ Elfenbein ( Memento of March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: Adolf Beythien , Ernst Dressler (Ed.): Merck's Lexicon of Goods for Trade, Industry and Commerce. 7th edition. Gloeckner, Leipzig 1920. (Reprint: Manuscriptum, Recklinghausen 1996. ISBN 3-933497-13-2 ).
  8. ↑ Ivory Black from materialarchiv.ch, accessed on November 15, 2017.
  9. ↑ Adolph Rose: About artificial fertilizers, especially phosphorus-rich . In: The chemical farm man . Volume 4, Adolph Stöckhardt (ed.), Verlag Georg Wigand, Leipzig 1858, pp. 222-234.