Tilincă

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Tilincă , also telincă ( Romanian ), is a longitudinal flute open at both ends without finger holes, which is played in folk music in Romania and the Republic of Moldova . With the Harmonic belonging Tilincă a leave harmonic series of overtones above the fundamental note produce.

Design and sound production

The tilincă consists of a 60 to 80 centimeter long cylindrical tube made of wood or metal, which is cut open at both ends and at right angles. A distinction is made between two variants according to the type of sound generation: With the tilincă cu dop, the player blows through a mouthpiece ( dop ) shaped like a beaked flute and the air flow is directed past a side opening with a cutting edge. The end-edge flute tilincă fără dop has no mouthpiece and no side opening, instead the player blows against a beveled end ( rust ) and shapes the sound by shaping the lips. The play tube is fixed in the upper area with the left hand and held down a little sideways. The pitches c'-g'-c '' - e '' - g '' - b '' - c '' '- d' '' - e '' '- f' '' - g '' '- a '' '–B' '' result from different levels of blowing pressure at an open, half-open or distant end closed with the index finger. With an open and a closed lower end, two harmonic rows can be created one octave apart and combined into a tone sequence.

Spread and style of play

The tilincă used to belong to a group of shepherds flutes that were widespread in Eastern Europe and represent the oldest and simplest type of flute. Flutes with no finger holes that are similar in shape and linguistically related to the tilincă still exist today are the telenka (теленка) in Ukraine and the tilinkó in Hungary . Parallel word formations in Hungary are tilink, tilinka, titilinka, csilinka and pipilinka . It was about 65 centimeters long, rim-blown flutes without finger holes made of any material, which have practically disappeared in Hungary. Another overtone flute is the koncovka in Slovakia . Outside the region, the Norwegian seljefløyte ( seljefloit , "willow flute ") is relatively well known. In southern Africa overtone flutes were widespread until the 20th century. The cross-blown ludaya is also described from Uganda .

The tilincă is rare in Romania, in the middle of the 20th century it was only played by the Tschangos in the Moldova region . Today it occurs sporadically in rural folk music in the north of Transylvania and in the region of Bukovina to the north and in the north of Moldova. The farmer Mihai Lăcătuşa from Capu Satului (district of Câmpulung Moldovenesc ), who became known as a tilincă teacher from 1949, had a special influence as the keeper of musical tradition . Other professional tilincă players from Bukovina, of whom sound recordings exist, are Silvestru Lungoci (1939–1993) and Constantin Sofian (1945–2008).

The generic term for flutes in Romania and Moldova is fluier . Together with the tilincă, this includes around 17 types. The fluier cu dop is like the Tilincă cu dop a beak flute. It has six finger holes and is blown with the lower end open or closed. A shepherd's flute open at both ends with six finger holes and one thumb hole is the flute fluier dobrogean found in the Dobrudscha . Like the tilincă fără dop , it is blown at an angle.

The tilincă is traditionally only played by men. Despite its limited sound supply, it is used in numerous genres of music. The spectrum ranges from the lyrical improvised style doina in the free rhythm of the shepherds in the Carpathian Mountains to fast dance music styles . Flute music has its own melody that differs from that of violins ( vioară ). Traditional music is often functionally related to a cultural event and is clearly regionally differentiated.

literature

  • Tiberiu Alexandru, Papana Ovidiu: Tilincă. In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments . Vol. 5, Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, pp. 5f
  • Tiberiu Alexandru: Tilinca, an ancient Romanian folk instrument . In: Studia memoriae Belae Bartók sacra . Budapest 1956, pp. 107-122

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Béla Bartók : Rumanian Folk Music. Volume I: Instrumental Melodies. Edited by Benjamin Suchoff. Mantinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 2012, p. 19
  2. ^ Peter Van der Merwe: Roots of the Classical: The Popular Origins of Western Music. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, p. 220
  3. ^ Bálint Sárosi: The folk musical instruments of Hungary. ( Ernst Emsheimer , Erich Stockmann (Hrsg.): Handbook of European Folk Music Instruments. Series 1, Volume 1) Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1967, p. 69
  4. ^ Bálint Sárosi, 1967, p. 69
  5. ↑ Tilincă . ( Memento of the original from May 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. eliznik.org @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eliznik.org.uk
  6. ↑ Tiberiu Alexandru: fluier . In: Laurence Libin (Ed.): The Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments . Vol. 2, Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2014, pp. 322f
  7. ^ Corneliu Dan Georgescu: Romania . In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present . Volume 8, Kassel / Stuttgart 2002, Sp. 594