Tilletiaceae
| Tilletiaceae | ||||||||||||
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Spore of Tilletia walkeri |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the order | ||||||||||||
| Tilletiales | ||||||||||||
| Roundabout ex R. Bauer & Oberw. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Tilletiaceae | ||||||||||||
| Tul. & C. Tul. ex R. Bauer & Oberw. |
The Tilletiaceae are a group of smut fungi (Ustilaginomycotina) and like all smut fungi are plant parasites. They are the only family of the order Tilletiales .
Features and way of life
Compared to other orders, the Tilletiales are characterized by the presence of a striped doliporus in the septum . This has no pore cap. In the middle of the pore channel there is an electron-tight plate or plug. The pore canal is traversed by two three-part, membranous, symmetrically arranged ligaments. They are slightly curved and associated with the pore membrane. The bands have a superficial resemblance to those of the tremellales . However, their structure is very similar to the membrane caps of the Urocystales, Entylomatales, Doassansiales and Exobasidiales.
The Tilletiales are the only group in which the septa in the hyphae of the fruiting body (Sori) have pores.
They are also the only representatives of the Exobasidiomycetes that are not dimorphic, they only develop hyphae stages , not yeast stages . The interaction zones with the host are local and have no interaction apparatus.
The Tilletiales parasitize mainly on sweet grasses . The spores are - except for some species of the genus Tilletia in the - ovary formed of the host.
development
There are two types of crossbreeding among the meiospores. A copulation bridge is formed between mycelia or even the spores of different types, via which the cell nucleus , but also cytoplasm , migrates from one cell to the other. A pair of nuclei (dikaryotic) mycelium grows out of this cell. This mycelium forms conidia in the form of pairs of nuclei , which are actively thrown away (ballistoconidia).
The teliospores of the tilletiales are formed in the intercellular space of the host. They are the largest among the Ustilaginomycotina . The basidia have no transverse walls, so they are holobasidia . Four or eight elongated meiospores (basidiospores) are formed at their apex.
The haploid mycelia can also multiply using conidia.
Systematics
The Tilletiales belong to the Exobasidiomycetes . The individual genera are morphologically and ecologically quite similar, which makes it difficult to differentiate between them. The order is from Begerow et al. (2006) subdivided as follows:
- Tilletiales
- Tilletiaceae
The Tilletiaceae family was established by Louis René Tulasne and Charles Tulasne in 1847. The name Tilletiales was first used by Hanns Kreisel in 1967, but without the Latin diagnosis necessary for its validity. This was only published in 1997 by Robert Bauer and Franz Oberwinkler .
supporting documents
- Robert Bauer, Franz Oberwinkler, Kálmán Vánky: Ultrastructural markers and systematics in smut fungi and allied taxa . Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol. 75, 1997, pp. 1273-1314.
- Dominik Begerow, Matthias Stoll, Robert Bauer: A phylogenetic hypothesis of Ustilaginomycotina based on multiple gene analyzes and morphological data . Mycologia, Vol. 98, 2006, pp. 906-916. doi : 10.3852 / mycologia.98.6.906
- A. Bresinsky, Ch. Körner, JW Kadereit, G. Neuhaus, U. Sonnewald: Strasburger - textbook of botany . 36th edition, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, p. 672. ISBN 978-3-8274-1455-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ DS Hibbett and 66 other authors: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . Mycological research, Vol. 111, 2007, pp. 509-547. PMID 17572334 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
