Trachycarpeae
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Carnauba palm ( Copernicia prunifera ) |
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| Trachycarpeae | ||||||||||||
| Satake |
The Trachycarpeae are a tribe of the palm family (Arecaceae).
features
The representatives are hermaphrodite or dioecious palms that bloom several times. The leaves are induplicate, rarely reduplicate. They can also be abnormally split. There is never a central, abaxial gap. The leaves are palmat, costapalmat or undivided. The leaf base has no central gap.
The flowers are solitary or in simple coils . The gynoeceum consists of three carpels that are free (apocarp) or fused together (synkarp).
distribution
The tribe is pantropical and subtropical.
Systematics
The Trachycarpeae as defined by Dransfield et al. (2008) are identified as natural relatives ( Monophylum ) in most studies . It is one of four groups within the subfamily Coryphoideae , whose relationship to each other is still unclear.
The tribe Trachycarpeae is divided into two sub-tribes. Several genera, especially from the Neotropics , cannot be assigned to any subtribe and are therefore incertae sedis within the tribe.
Subtribe Rhapidinae
The Rhapidinae are mostly diocesan or polygamodioecs, rarely hermaphroditic. The leaves are palmatized, induplicate or reduplicate, or the blade tears between the folds. The flowers are solitary or in simple coils. The gynoeceum is apocarpic.
The six genera with the exception of Rhapidophyllum are distributed subtropically in the Old World. The subtribe is recognized as monophyletic in all studies. The relationship between the genera is still unclear.
- Chamaerops
- Guihaia
- Hemp palms ( Trachycarpus )
- Rhapidophyllum
- Maxburretia
- Rhapis
Subtribe Livistoninae
The Subtribus Livistoninae is widespread in the tropics and subtropics. The differences between the genera are rather small. The leaves are induplicate, palmat or costapalmat, or undivided, or with secondary abaxial cracks. The flowers are solitary or in simple coils. The gynoeceum is synkarp, the carpels are all free at the base and fused at the pistils . The stylus channels are, however, separated or only combined in the end area. The large vascular bundles in the petiole usually have two phloem strands.
The group is recognized as monophyletic in several studies, but with little to mediocre statistical support. The relationship between the genera is still unclear.
- Livistona
- Licuala ( Licuala )
- Johannesteijsmannia
- Pholidocarpus
- Pritchardiopsis
incertae sedis Trachycarpeae
The following genera of the Trachycarpeae cannot be assigned to either of the two sub-tribes:
supporting documents
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms . Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2 , pp. 245ff.
