Drinking glasses with ruby ​​red feet

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Parts of the drinking glass series with ruby-red feet in the exhibition for the 150th birthday of Peter Behrens in the Museum of Applied Arts Cologne (2018)

The drinking glass series with ruby ​​red feet (sometimes also referred to as Zarathustra glasses ) is a drinking glass series designed by Peter Behrens in 1900 for the Behrens house in the Mathildenhöhe artists' colony in Darmstadt .

background

After Peter Behrens made a name for himself in the art scene with woodcuts and paintings at the end of the 19th century , he presented series of drinking glasses, porcelain and cutlery for a set table at exhibitions from 1898 onwards. Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse and the Rhine became aware of Behrens at one of these exhibitions and invited him to take part in the Mathildenhöhe artists' colony. From November 1899, Peter Behrens designed a model house including complete interior fittings for the artists' colony, which was presented in May 1901 for the opening of the exhibition A Document of German Art .

For the dining room in the Behrens house , he created a tableware set and a series of cutlery that took up the patterns of the tableware, carpets and wallpaper, as well as a simple drinking glass series with ruby-red feet. With the design of entire drinking glass series, Behrens embarked on a completely new path in table culture. Up to the end of the 19th century it was common to set the table with single glasses or glasses of varying colors.

Drinking glass series

Madeira glass
Parts of the drinking glass set of the Mathildenhöhe artist colony museum

The drinking glass series was manufactured in 1900/01 in the Rheinische Glashütten-Actien-Gesellschaft in Cologne-Ehrenfeld . The director of the Rheinische Glashütten-Actiengesellschaft, Oskar Rauter , succeeded in 1888 in perfecting the production of gold ruby glasses and in producing glasses of very pure color. For this achievement, the glassworks received a diploma at the German National Applied Arts Exhibition in Munich . At the end of the 19th century, the Ehrenfelder Glashütte was one of the leading manufacturers of dark red gold ruby ​​glasses. After Oskar Rauter left, Eduard von Kralik took over the management of the glassworks and enabled artists from outside to realize their own designs.

Due to the quality of the ruby ​​glasses, Peter Behrens chose the Ehrenfeld manufactory for the production of the drinking glass series for the Behrens company. In the design of the drinking glass series with the ruby ​​red feet , Behrens harmoniously combines old German, hollow trumpet feet , executed in the rediscovered ruby ​​glass, with a colorless, Venetian bell cup . By means of material investigations it could be proven that glasses with a stem colored in the mass gold ruby ​​as well as overlaid with gold ruby ​​color were produced, whereby the colored glasses are much less common.

Single glasses

The original drinking glass series probably initially comprised six glass shapes. However, at least five other glass shapes are known from numerous collections. The attribution was difficult because it was quite common to modify the drinking glass series at the customer's request and to expand it individually. Whether all the glass shapes were manufactured in Ehrenfeld in 1901 or at a later date in the Benedikt von Poschinger glass factory in the Bavarian Forest can only be determined in isolated cases due to the frequent lack of a factory engraving. Most of the glasses from the Cologne manufactory were unsigned, but were given a paper label, which has seldom been preserved.

What is certain, however, is that the von Poschinger glass manufacturer's sample books from 1929 contain designs that refer to the design of the Peter Behrens glass series in terms of form and color. The pattern designs 140 / 1-5 are characterized by a trumpet-shaped, pink glass base that is open at the bottom and carries a bell-shaped, colorless cup . The signature V. Hoffmann, Dortmund, 6 June 1929, is entered in the sample books as the designer of this cup .

The following glasses belong to the drinking glass series with ruby ​​red feet , whereby the size information may vary slightly:

Glass Height (cm) Diameter of
the cup (cm)
Champagne bowl 21.3 11
Moselle wine glass 20.3 / 20.7 08.5
Red wine glass 15.2 / 15.3 / 15.7 07.6
Red wine / white wine glass 14th 0-
White wine glass 13.3 08.5
Beer glass 15th 08.5
Water glass 13.5 07.7
Madeira glass 13.1 0-
Port wine / sweet wine glass - 0-
Sherry glass 12.2 08th
Liquor glass 11 0-

Criticism and reception

Behrens originally made the drinking glass series with ruby-red feet named in the exhibition catalog Dokument Deutscher Kunst 1901 for the Behrens house in the Mathildenhöhe artists' colony. The contemporary critic Alfred Lichtwark described the effect of the set table by Behrens as follows:

“And then the dining room. That there can be so much comfort, so much cheerfulness and grace in the world where an artistic taste shows the way, was obviously quite new to most of the people. These dining rooms were always besieged, and the young girls and women could only be dragged on by their male companions, whose eyes do not yet feel so much, only after repeated efforts, and I have repeatedly seen them turn around once more on the stairs To enjoy the sight of the set table with its dainty damask, the new glass shapes, the new services and the lovely floral decorations in a hush. "

- Alfred Lichtwark : Brigitte Rechberg: The artist colony exhibition 1901 in contemporary criticism. In: Hessisches Landesmuseum (Ed.): A Document of German Art 1901, Volume 5, Darmstadt 1977, p. 180

The modern glasses continued to be produced sporadically in the Poschinger glass factory even after the decline of the Ehrenfeld glassworks.

The drinking glass service with the ruby ​​red feet is exhibited today in various glass and design museums, including the Museum of Applied Arts Cologne , the British Museum and the Corning Museum of Glass .

In spring 2018, five glasses from the drinking glass series were shown during the special exhibition Peter Behrens # all-rounder . A complete set of glasses was presented in 2013 as part of the special exhibition Peter Behrens. From Art Nouveau to industrial design exhibited in the Kunsthalle Erfurt .

Individual glasses from the set of glasses that are coveted by collectors reach prices of 7,000 to 10,000 euros at international art auctions .

Replicas

Today the Poschinger glass factory, which in recent years has specialized almost exclusively in high-quality replicas of glass objects and drinking glass series, produces five glasses from Peter Behrens' drinking glass set as numbered collector's items. In addition to a tall champagne bowl, a white wine and a beer glass, a sherry and a Madeira glass are also produced. The shape of the cup differs slightly from the glasses that were made in Cologne-Ehrenfeld in 1901.

Appreciation

“Design in Germany” stamp pad with a motif from Peter Behrens' glass series

In 1998, the Deutsche Bundespost published the stamp block Design in Germany , on which, in addition to the Wagenfeld lamp , the MT-49 tea extract jug by Marianne Brandt and the Wassily chair No. B 3 by Marcel Breuer, there was also the ruby-red drinking glass series Feet was portrayed by Peter Behrens.

literature

  • Romana Rebbelmund: Harmony of opposites. Utility glass by Peter Behrens . In: Petra Hesse & Romana Rebbelmund: Peter Behrens 1868/2018 , Volume 1, Dortmund, Cologne 2018. ISBN 978-3-86206-695-7
  • Peter Thomas Föhl & Claus Pese: Peter Behrens. From Art Nouveau to Industrial Design , Kunsthalle Erfurt (Ed.), Weimar 2013, ISBN 978-3-86539-686-0
  • Karl-Wilhelm Warthorst: glass for use 1898–1924 , Neuner, Freiburg 2001, ISBN 978-3-931931-02-5
  • Udo Schröder: Drinking glasses from Art Nouveau to Art Deco , Edition Schröder, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 978-3-00-002968-4

Web links

Commons : Glass by Peter Behrens  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ursula Seibold-Bultmann: Festes Haus im Weltgebraus | NZZ . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . May 24, 2013, ISSN  0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed on March 21, 2018]).
  2. ^ Eva Huber: The Darmstadt artist colony. Claim and realization of your artistic goals . In: Hessisches Landesmuseum (Ed.): A Document of German Art 1901–1976. tape 5 . Eduard Roether, Darmstadt 1977, p. 60 ff .
  3. ↑ Isabell Brass: "Carrying out taste in larger circles". Cutlery and body ware . In: Petra Hesse & Ramona Rebbelmund (eds.): Peter Behrens 1868/2018 . tape 3 . Kettler, Cologne, Dortmund 2018, ISBN 978-3-86206-695-7 .
  4. ↑ Antje Neuner-Warthorst: glass for use . In: Trödler & Collector Journal . October 2002. GEMI, Reichertshausen 2002, p. 29 f .
  5. ↑ Karl-Wilhelm waiting Horst: Gold Rubin . In: Trödler & Collector Journal . August 2006. GEMI, Reichertshausen 2006, p. 35 .
  6. ↑ Werner Schäfke (Ed.): Ehrenfelder Glas des Historicism. The price courants of the Rheinische Glashütten-Actien-Gesellschaft in Ehrenfeld near Cöln. Department for art products. Walther König, Cologne 1979, ISBN 3-88375-005-0 , p. 24 ff .
  7. ↑ Karl-Wilhelm waiting Horst: Glass on paper . In: Collectors Journal . December 2008. GEMI, Reichertshausen 2008.
  8. ^ A b Romana Rebbelmund: Harmony of Opposites. Utility glass by Peter Behrens . In: Petra Hesse & Romana Rebbelmund (eds.): Peter Behrens 1868/2018 . tape 1 . Kettler, Cologne, Dortmund 2018, ISBN 978-3-86206-695-7 , pp. 6th ff .
  9. ↑ Annette Wolde: Peter Behrens . In: Hessisches Landesmuseum (Hrsg.): A Document of German Art 1901 . tape 4 . Eduard Roether, Darmstadt 1977, p. 13 .
  10. ↑ Set of Drinking Glasses with Ruby Glass Feet | Corning Museum of Glass. Corning Museum of Glass, accessed March 29, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Hans-Joachim Kadatz: Peter Behrens. Architect. Painter. Graphic artist and designer 1868–1940 . In: Artists Compendium . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1977, p. 28 f .
  12. ↑ Antje Neuner-Warthorst: glass for use . In: Trödler & Collector Journal . October 2002. GEMI, Reichertshausen 2002, p. 30 .
  13. ↑ Romana Rebbelmund: Harmony of Opposites. Utility glass by Peter Behrens . In: Petra Hesse & Romana Rebbelmund (eds.): Peter Behrens 1868/2018 . tape 1 . Kettler, Cologne, Dortmund 2018, ISBN 978-3-86206-695-7 , pp. 8 .
  14. ^ British Museum: Wine-glass. Retrieved March 30, 2018 (UK English).
  15. ^ Kunsthalle Erfurt presents exhibition by Peter Behrens . ( thueringer-allgemeine.de [accessed on March 29, 2018]).
  16. ↑ Dr. Fischer Art Auctions, 2010, http://www.auctions-fischer.de/ : 196-I: European Glass & Studioglass - Dr. Fischer Kunstauktionen - auction house for art, glass and antiques. Retrieved March 28, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Peter Behrens 1901 - Baron von Poschinger Glasmanufaktur. Retrieved March 28, 2018 .