Tristram's Woodpecker
| Tristram's Woodpecker | ||||||||||||
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Tristram's woodpecker ( Dryocopus javensis richardsi ) |
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| Dryocopus javensis richardsi | ||||||||||||
| Tristram , 1879 |
Tristram's Woodpecker ( Dryocopus javensis richardsi , South Kore. : 크낙새 , RR : keunak-sae , nordkor. : 클락 새 , M.-R. : k'ŭllaksae , jap. : Amanojakuma , kitataki ), also known as Korea-white-bellied black woodpecker called , is an extremely rare subspecies of the white-bellied woodpecker . It was discovered and described by the English clergyman and ornithologist Henry Baker Tristram in 1879 .
description
With a length of 46 cm, Tristram's woodpecker is one of the largest representatives of the woodpeckers. The hood as well as the cheek and beard stripes are carmine red. A black top, throat, and upper chest contrast with a white bottom, white wing tips, and a white rump . He has four toes, two of which point backwards. Its tail feathers are tight. Its beak is long, hard and pointed. Its reputation, which sounds like a strange “kullak!”, Has earned it its local name.
Habitat and way of life
This woodpecker occurs in dense mountain forests above 1000 meters as well as in the vicinity of human settlements. It is usually found in areas with chestnut, oak, poplar and elm trees. He prefers dead trees, in which he builds his nest holes and looks for insects. The breeding season is from April to May, when three to four eggs are laid in a tree cavity. It searches for food before sunrise and flies back to the nest at sunset. He can move quickly from tree to tree and in case of danger he can be thrown down vertically on the tree trunk.
Danger
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A South Korean postage stamp from 1961 (left) and a North Korean postage stamp from 1966 (right) depicting the Tristram woodpecker.
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Tristram's woodpecker was previously found on the Japanese island of Tsushima and throughout Korea. Excessive hunting and the demand for museum specimens in western countries between 1898 and 1902 caused Tristram's woodpecker to disappear almost entirely from Tsushima. In 1920 the Japanese ornithologist Nagamichi Kuroda found the last specimen on this island. It was also a rare bird in Korea due to the heavy deforestation. On May 30, 1968, it was declared National Monument No. 197 by the Ministry of Sports and Culture in South Korea and therefore enjoys the special protection of the government. There it was last observed in 1981 in the Gwangneung region in Gyeonggi-do province and since there has been no evidence since 1989, it is listed as regionally extinct (RE) in the Korean Red List of Threatened Species from 2014. In 1993, however, a couple was observed at the demilitarized zone . In 2017, the South Korean television reported the extinction of this subspecies in South Korea. It is currently only found in North Korea, where it was declared National Monument No. 433 in 1982. In 1993 the population was estimated to be around 30 in the provinces of Kangwŏn-do and Hwanghae-pukto, especially in the remaining forests of Rinsan , Pongsan , Changp'ung , Pakyon , Kaesŏng and around the Myoraksan area . In 2018 it was assumed that there would be 20 copies in North Korea.
literature
- James Cowan Greenway: Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World. Dover Publ., New York 1967, pp. 360-361.
- Kyu-Hwang Ham, Pyong-Oh Won: Ecology and Conservation of the Tristram's Woodpecker, Dryocopus javensis richardsi Tristram in Korea. In: Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology. 14 (2-3), 1982, pp. 254-269.
- Teresa Tomek: The Birds of North Korea. Non-passeriformes. In: Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. 42 (1), August 31, 1999, Kraków, ISBN 83-907187-4-X , pp. 208-210.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 크낙새 [학명: Dryocopus javensis] (크낙새). In: Cultural Heritage Administration. Retrieved November 30, 2019 (Korean).
- ↑ Min-Hwan Suh, Byoung-Yoon Lee, Seung Tae Kim, Chan-Ho Park, Hyun-Kyoung Oh, Hee-Young Kim, Joon-Ho Lee, Sue Yeon Lee: Korean Red List of Threatened Species , 2nd edition, National Institute of Biological Resources, Government Publications Registration Number: 11-1480592-000718-01, 2014, p. 53
- ↑ KBS News: 사라진 크낙새… 물방개 도 멸종 위기 of July 27, 2017 (Korean)
- ↑ 개성 클락 새. In: http://nm.nktech.net . Retrieved November 30, 2019 (Korean).
- ↑ 개성 크낙새. In: Doopedia. Retrieved November 30, 2019 (Korean).
- ^ Jürgen Fiebig: Three-year ornithological studies in North Korea. 1. General part and non-passeriformes. Communications from the Zoological Museum in Berlin, 69, Supplement: Annalen für Ornithologie 17, 1993, p. 145
- ↑ 단독 남한 에서 25 년째 자취 감춘 크낙새… 다시 보게 된다 of April 8, 2018 (Korean)