Trochaic dimeter

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The trochaic dimeter is in the ancient Verslehre one of two trochaic metrics composite meter . In metric formula notation , the trochaic dimeter is used astr d written.

Since the trochaic meter is a dipody , i.e. it consists of two verse feet, the trochaic dimeter has four verse feet, so in principle it agrees with the four-footed trochaic quaternar or the trochaic tetrapody (tr 4) match. In languages ​​with an accentuating verse principle such as German, the corresponding meter is the trochaic four-pointed meter .

Ancient forms

The schemes of the various forms are in metric notation :

  • trochaic dimeter (tr d):
—◡ˌ— ◠  | —◡ˌ— ◠
—◡ˌ— ◠  | —◡ˌ ◠
The catalectic dimeter is also known as the colon under the name lekythion .
  • trochaic quaternar (tr 4):
- × ˌ— × ˌ— × ˌ— ◠ ,
  • catalectic trochaic quaternar (tr 4c)
- × ˌ— × ˌ — ◡ˌ ◠

As you can see, the main difference between the dimeter and the quaternar is the greater metric ambivalence of the Latin form, since the 1st and 3rd foot of the dimeter must be implemented with a breve . In addition, the dimeter usually has a diheresis after the second foot.

Trochaic four-lifter

In the accentuating metrics of modern languages ​​such as German, the trochaic dimeter corresponds to the trochaic four-key, whereby the metrical ambivalences of the ancient meter are omitted and the verse can also be catalectic:

—◡ˌ — ◡ˌ — ◡ˌ— (◡)

In German it appeared for the first time in the translation of anacreontic odes by Johann Christoph Gottsched, based on the Greek model (which is why one speaks of anacreontic trochea ). However, it only gained significance in German poetry as a meter from Herder's adaptation of the Spanish national epic Cantar de Mio Cid :

Maid rend deep seated Don Di e go,
well was kei ner ever so dare rig;
Gram fully thought he day 'and Prev te
only to be nes Hau ses shame .

In German, the rhymeless trochaic four-levers are also referred to as Spanish trocheae . These were especially popular with the romantics as a meter of the roman strophe , but are also used in some well-known classical ballads, for example in Goethe's Treasure Graves (1797):

Arm at Beu tel, ill at Her zen,
Tender 'I mei ne lan gen Ta ge.
Ar muth is the Größ te Pla ge,
Empire thum is the Hoechsmann te Good !

A less well-known example by Goethe is the poem Meeresstille :

Tie fe style le prevails in what ser,
Oh ne Re supply rests the sea ,
And be TAK mert sees the schif fer
Glat te FLAE che rings around her .
Kei ne air of kei ner Be te!
To the style le is CH ter Lich !
In the un ge hay ern Wei te
Re get kei ne Wel le itself .

Schiller's Ode to Joy in cross- rhymed Trochaic four- witches is again very well known :

Became de, beauti ner Göt ter fun ken,
Toch ter of E li si to ,
We be tre th feu he trun ken,
heaven- li -specific , your Hei lig thum .

Schiller's classic ballad Kassandra about the unfortunate Trojan seer also makes use of Spanish trochies:

E ris Shakers telt ih re Schlan gen,
Al le Göt ter flee because of ,
And the Don listeners Wol ken han gen
heavy he rab on I left on .

These verses from Schiller's seriously intended ballad already indicate the suitability of the Trochaic four-jack for the comic. So used Heinrich Heine then the absurd four-line verse romance in his epic poem Atta Troll :

Juliette has
no mind in her bosom , she is French,
lives on the outside; but their appearance
is delightful, is enchanting.

Your eyes are a sweet network of
rays, in the mesh of which
our heart, like a
little fish, is caught and wriggles tenderly.

Joseph Victor Scheffel's verse novel, Der Trompeter von Säkkingen , also consists of Trochaic four-lifters. Like Heine, Scheffel combines the Trochäus with a romantic, humorous narrative style. In the introduction, Scheffel gives the reader an account of the metric used:

Relentlessly poetry I strode
on the roof - it echoed
metrically and the spell succeeded me; Uncuffed
in four-footed
troches now lie That
disturbed the dream of the night.

And also with a classic of comic poetry like in Wilhelm Busch's Max und Moritz , the trochaic four- lifter, rhymed here in pairs, does its job:

Flow from your eyes, you tears!
All my hopes, all my longings, the
most beautiful dream of my life
Hangs on this apple tree !!

Examples of the use of Spanish trochies in German dramatic poetry can be found in Grillparzer's fateful tragedy The Ahnfrau (1817) and in The Dream of a Life (1834) with the Spanish model La vida es sueño des Calderón de la Barca .

Finally, there is the Finnish national epic Kalevala , which is written in a special form of trochaic four-lifters.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gottsched: Attempt to translate Anacreon into rhyming verse. In: Contributions to the critical history of the German language, poetry and eloquence. Vol. 2 (1733), pp. 152ff, digitized . As an example see the translation of III. Ode, p. 161.
  2. ↑ Herder: The Cid . Sung about from Spanish romances. In: Adrastea. Vol. 5, 9th piece. Hartknoch, Leipzig 1803f., Online .
  3. ↑ Goethe: The treasure digger 1797, v. 1-4.
  4. ^ Goethe: Berlin edition. Poetic works. Vol. 1, Berlin 1960 ff, p. 47, online .
  5. ↑ Friedrich Schiller: Complete Works. Volume 1, Munich 3 1962, p. 359, online .
  6. ↑ Heine: Atta Troll. Caput 1. In (ders.): Works and letters in ten volumes. Volume 1, Berlin and Weimar 21972, p. 350, online .
  7. ↑ Joseph Victor von Scheffel: The trumpeter of Säkkingen . 200th edition. Adolf Bonz & Comp., Stuttgart 1892, p. xi .
  8. ^ Wilhelm Busch: Max and Moritz. First trick. v. 45f. In: (ders.): Historical-critical complete edition. Vol. 1, Wiesbaden & Berlin 1960, p. 348.