Deer

Deer
Roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus )
Systematics
Superordinate : Laurasiatheria Order : Artiodactyla (Artiodactyla) Subordination : Ruminants (ruminantia) without rank: Forehead weapon bearer (Pecora) Family : Deer (Cervidae) Subfamily : Deer
Scientific name
Capreolinae
Brookes , 1828

The capreolinae (Capreolinae or Odocoileinae), also in the English language Neuwelthirsche , are one of two subfamilies of deer (Cervidae). The nearly two dozen species of this group are mostly on the American continent is home. The deer , the reindeer and the elk live in Europe .

Differences between deer and real deer

The deer differ from the real deer (Cervinae) in the structure of the limbs: Deer are telemetacarpalia , which means that only the distal bones of the smaller second and fifth toes are present. A subordinate characteristic is the lack of the eye rungs in the deer .

Genera and species

Three tribes and ten genera are distinguished within the subfamily:

• Subfamily Capreolinae Brookes , 1828

• Tribus Capreolini Brookes , 1828

• Genus Hydropotes Swinhoe , 1870

• Water deer or Chinese water deer ( Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe , 1870)

• Genus deer ( Capreolus gray , 1821)

• Roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ( Linnaeus , 1758))
• Siberian deer ( Capreolus pygargus ( Pallas , 1771))

• Tribus Alceini Brookes , 1828

• Genus Alces Gray , 1821

• Elk ( Alces alces ( Linnaeus , 1758))

• Tribus Rangiferini Brookes , 1828

• Genus Rangifer C. H. Smith , 1827

• Ren and reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ( Linnaeus , 1758))

• Tribus Odocoileini Pocock , 1923 ( actual deer )

• American deer genus ( Odocoileus Rafinesque , 1832)

• Mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ( Rafinesque , 1817))
• White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ( Zimmermann , 1780))

• Genus Blastocerus Wagner , 1844

• Marsh deer ( Blastocerus dichotomus ( Illiger , 1815))

• Genus Ozotoceros Ameghino , 1891

• Pampa Hirsch ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus ( Linnaeus , 1758))

• Genus Andean deer ( Hippocamelus Leuckart , 1816)

• Northern Andean deer ( Hippocamelus antisensis ( d'Orbigny , 1834))
• Southern Andean Deer ( Hippocamelus bisulcus ( Molina , 1782))

• Genus Pudus ( Pudu Gray , 1852)

• Northern Pudu ( Pudu mephistophiles ( de Winton , 1896))
• South Pudu ( Pudu puda ( Molina , 1782))

• Genus Common Deer ( Mazama Rafinesque , 1817)

• Grand Mazama ( Mazama americana ( Erxleben , 1777))
• Coastal forest mazama ( Mazama bororo Duarte , 1996)
• Northern dwarf mazama ( Mazama bricenii Thomas , 1908)
• Southern dwarf mazama ( Mazama chunyi Hershkovitz , 1959)
• Graumazama ( Mazama gouazoubira ( Fischer , 1814))
• Little Mazama ( Mazama nana ( Hensel , 1872))
• Amazonian Mazama ( Mazama nemorivaga ( F. Cuvier , 1817))
• Yucatán-Mazama ( Mazama pandora Merriam , 1901)
• Red small mazama ( Mazama rufina ( Pucheran , 1851))
• Mexico Grand Mazama ( Mazama temama ( Kerr , 1792))

Due to the high biodiversity of the deer in America, they are often referred to as Odocoileinae, the name Reginald Innes Pocock introduced in 1923. For reasons of priority of the ICZN , however, Capreolinae is the valid scientific term.

literature

• Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World . The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1999, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
• Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} S. Mattioli: Family Cervidae (Deer). In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 350-443
2. ^ George Gaylord Simpson: The Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 85, 1945, pp. 1–350 (pp. 270–272)
3. ↑ Peter Grubb: Valid and invalid nomenclature of living and fossil deer, Cervidae. Acta Theriologica 45 (3), 2000, pp. 289-307

Web links

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