Chinese hemlock
| Chinese hemlock | ||||||||||||
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Chinese hemlock ( Tsuga chinensis ) |
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| Tsuga chinensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Franchet ) E. Pritzel |
The Chinese hemlock or Taiwan hemlock ( Tsuga chinensis ) is a conifer of the genus hemlock. Their natural range is in China and Taiwan.
description
Chinese hemlocks are trees up to 50 meters high with trunks up to 1.6 meters in diameter at chest height . The bark is dark gray and torn lengthways and flaking, the crown is pyramidal. Young twigs are brownish-yellow or gray-yellow and turn gray-yellow, gray to brownish-gray in the second and third year. The branches are rather slender and hairy. The winter buds are sessile and short-stalked and grow at the base of the branches. The needles are arranged in two lines, straight and 12 to 27 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide. They are entire and show gray-green stomata on the underside. The tip can be blunt to notched. The seed cones are 1.5 to 4.0 centimeters long with a diameter of 1.2 to 2.5 centimeters. They are light green when young and pale gray-yellow to pale brown when ripe. They are ovate-rounded, cylindrical to oblong obovate. The seed scales are 0.9 to 1.2 centimeters long and 0.8 to 1.1 centimeters wide, when compressed, they are rounded, rounded square to rounded pentagonal with a rounded or trimmed tip. They are densely arranged in the center of the pin. The cover scales are wedge-shaped-rhombic or inverted-triangular. The seeds are 7 to 9 millimeters long with their obliquely egg-shaped wings. The pollen is released in April, the cones ripen in October.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and ecology
The range of the species lies in China and Taiwan. There you can find them at an altitude of 1000 to 3500 meters on mountains, in mixed forests, valleys and along rivers.
In the Red List of the IUCN , the Tsuga chinensis will be deemed not at risk ( "Lower Risk / least concern"). It is pointed out, however, that a new check of the risk is necessary.
Systematics and research history
The Chinese hemlock ( Tsuga chinensis ) is a species of the hemlock ( Tsuga ) genus . There it is assigned to the subgenus Tsuga . Different varieties are attributed to the species by different authors. Aljos Farjon sees Tsuga chinensis var. Formosana as identical to the type and recognizes two further varieties: Tsuga chinensis var. Oblongisquamata W.C.Cheng & LKFu and Tsuga chinensis var. Robusta W.C.Cheng & LKFu . Zheng-yi Wu and Peter H. Raven see Tsuga oblongisquamata (WCCheng & LKFu) LKFu & Nan Li as a separate species in the Flora of China and distinguish the following varieties:
- Tsuga chinensis var. Chinensis
- Tsuga chinensis var. Formosana (Hayata) HL Li & H. Keng
- Tsuga chinensis var. Patens (Downie) LKFu & Nan Li
- Tsuga chinensis var. Forrestii (Downie) Silba . It is considered a separate species according to the WCSP: Tsuga forrestii Downie .
- Tsuga chinensis var. Robusta W.C. Cheng & LKFu
use
The wood is used as construction wood, for furniture and in mining. Can from the bark tannins are obtained from the strain resins and from the roots, the trunk and branches aromatic oils.
Individual evidence
- ↑ German name after Steve Cafferty: Kosmos-Atlas trees of the world . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10983-0 , p. 62 .
- ↑ a b c d Tsuga chinensis. In: Flora of China Vol. 4. www.eFloras.org, p. 40 , accessed on May 13, 2011 (English).
- ^ Tropicos. [1]
- ↑ Tsuga chinensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Accessed May 13, 2011th
- ↑ Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved May 28, 2011 .
- ^ Aljos Farjon: World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers . 2nd Edition. Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, Richmond, UK 1998, ISBN 1-84246-025-0 (quoted from Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga chinensis ).
- ↑ Christopher J. Earle: Tsuga chinensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved May 13, 2011 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Tsuga. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 10, 2019.
