Julian Tuwim

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Julian Tuwim
Julian Tuwim's seat on Piotrkowska Street in Łódź

Julian Tuwim (born September 13, 1894 in Łódź , † December 27, 1953 in Zakopane ) was a Polish poet .

Life

Tuwim was born into a Polish-Jewish family. His father was a banker. Tuwim studied law and philosophy at Warsaw University from 1916 to 1918 . After the outbreak of war in September 1939 , Tuwim fled through Romania, first to France , then to South America and the USA . His mother was a victim of the Holocaust . After the war he was one of the first writers to return to Poland. He died of a stroke in 1953 .

plant

His poetry is characterized by a subtle sense of humor. In 1919 he was the founder of the poet group Skamander and one of the outstanding representatives of literary cabaret of the 1920s and 1930s. He was also a translator from Russian. He translated, among others, Pushkin , Lermontow , Gogol and Pasternak into Polish.

Tuwim's work is still read in Polish schools today . His funny children's poems, which are now also available as audio books, are particularly popular.

Tuwim was a master of onomatopoeia . One example of this is his children's poem "The Locomotive" (German by James Krüss ).

Tuwim was politically active. In the first years after 1918 Tuwim was enthusiastic about the resurrected Poland and the head of state Piłsudski , but then his views gradually shifted to the left, which in no way disrupted his relations with friends from government circles. His poem "The Opera Ball" ( Bal w operze ) - a sharp criticism of the elite of the time - was banned by the censors . During the war, Tuwim created his masterpiece in exile - the epic “ Polish Flowers ” ( Kwiaty polskie ) - which became a ruthless reckoning with the Polish past. After returning from America, he initially had high hopes for post-war Poland, but disillusionment came after the state censorship intervened. In the reality of the first post-war years, Tuwim produced few works. He dedicated himself to collecting literary rarities and curiosities, which he published in the monthly Problemy and in three volumes Cicer cum Caule .

literature

  • Ilja Ehrenburg : People - Years - Life (Memoirs), Munich 1962, special edition Munich 1965, Volume II 1923–1941, pp. 31–44 (portrait), ISBN 3-463-00512-3 .

Web links

Commons : Julian Tuwim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Bettina Kümmerling-Meibauer: Holly-Jane Rahlens , in: Bettina Kümmerling-Meibauer (ed.): Jewish children's literature: history, traditions, perspectives. Exhibition catalog . Wiesbaden 2005, p. 134 f.
  2. ↑ Die Lokomotive YouTube video of a bilingual presentation of the poem.
  3. ^ Julian Tuwim: Józef Piłsudski . in: Julian Tuwim: Wiersze 2. Czytelnik Warszawa 1986 str. 387-388 ISBN 83-07-01018-7 ISBN 83-07-01019-5 .
  4. ^ Julian Tuwim: Bal w Operze in: Poezje Wybrane . Czytelnik, Warszawa 1977.
  5. ^ Julian Tuwim: Kwiaty Polskie . Czytelnik 1955.
  6. ^ Julian Tuwim: Do narodu radzieckiego. in: Julian Tuwim: Wiersze 2. Czytelnik, Warszawa 1986, p. 344 ISBN 83-07-01018-7 ISBN 83-07-01019-5 .
personal data
SURNAME Tuwim, Julian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish-Jewish poet
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Łódź
DATE OF DEATH December 27, 1953
Place of death Zakopane