UDFy-38135539
| Galaxy UDFy-38135539 |
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|---|---|
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| Recording of the HST | |
| AladinLite | |
| Constellation | Chemical furnace |
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Position equinox : J2000.0 , epoch : J2000.0 |
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| Right ascension | 03 h 32 m 38.13 s |
| declination | −27 ° 45 ′ 53.9 ″ |
| Appearance | |
| Brightness (visual) | > 30.2 mag |
| Physical data | |
| Redshift | 8.55 |
| diameter | About 1/10 of the Milky Way, maybe less, ie in the order of 10 4 ly |
| history | |
| discovery | RJ Bouwens, A. Bunker, RJ McLure, etc. |
| Discovery date | September 2010 |
| Catalog names | |
Udfy-38135539 (also HUDF.YD3 ) is the name for one in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field located galaxy , which was discovered in September of 2009. Its redshift with z = 8.55 has been known since October 2010 , which means that light traveled to us for 13.2 billion years. With a current distance of 30.3 billion light years, it is one of the most distant known objects in the universe.
discovery
The most detailed image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field up to that point was taken using the Wide Field Camera 3 installed on the Hubble telescope on May 14, 2009. UDFy-38135539 is also visible on it. The discovery was made by the research groups of R. J. Bouwens, Andrew Bunker and RJ McLure. Matt Lehnert and his team provided a spectroscopic result. Measuring the distance by means of spectroscopy is extremely time-consuming at such distances. The light from the galaxy UDFy-38135539 reaching the solar system today shows its state from thirteen billion years ago. At that time, a few hundred million years after the Big Bang , large parts of space were shaped by hydrogen nebulae that absorbed the ultraviolet light of the young galaxies. With the help of the SINFONI spectrograph belonging to the Very Large Telescope, however, the distance of the very faint object could be determined despite the difficult observation conditions. Lehnert and his colleagues carried out observations for sixteen hours and then carried out evaluations for two months. The faint glow of hydrogen at a redshift of 8.6 gave an indication of the galaxy's distance and made the discovery significant. The objects previously identified as the furthest away were gamma-ray bursts , such as GRB 090423 . Between 2006 and 2010, IOK-1 in the constellation Haar der Berenike was considered the most distant galaxy .
Scientists expect further discoveries of distant galaxies that were formed a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. But it is precisely these particularly old galaxies that are not as numerous as younger galaxies and are difficult to spot due to their low brightness. The discovery of much more distant galaxies is expected with the commissioning of the James Webb Space Telescope in March 2021 at the earliest. More precise observations will probably be possible from 2025 with the European Extremely Large Telescope .
description
The galaxy lies in the constellation Fornax and appears on the image of the Hubble telescope as a tiny, faint point. It is estimated that it contained about a billion stars , the mass of which was roughly one-hundredth of the total mass of the stars in the Milky Way . The diameter of the galaxy was a tenth that of the Milky Way. Presumably, a similar number of stars a year formed in UDFy-38135539 as in the Milky Way. But these were much smaller and had smaller masses. Considering the small size of the galaxy, quite a large number of new stars were formed there.
A redshift of 8.55 was determined for the galaxy UDFy-38135539. The 090423 gamma-ray burst had a redshift of 8.2. Thirteen billion years ago, the galaxy emitted the light that is visible today in the area of the solar system with the help of appropriate instruments. Back then, the age of the universe was only four percent of its current age. With objects that far away, their age is also remarkable. The extensive hydrogen nebulae are a special feature of this time, 600 million years after the Big Bang, which cannot be observed in closer and younger objects. The hydrogen nebulae, which are no longer present in the area of the Milky Way, are likely to have been eliminated in the vicinity of UDFy-38135539 mainly by neighboring brighter galaxies.
At the time when UDFy-38135539 emitted the light that reaches us today, the galaxy was about 3.2 billion light-years away and had a recession speed of 3.6 c (the shorter distance then became higher due to the one at the time Expansion rate compensated). Today, when the galaxy is 30.3 billion light years away, its recession speed is 2.1c. It belongs to the galaxies that were already inside the cosmic event horizon , but always outside of the Hubble radius and whose recession speed was and always will be higher than c relative to us.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b R. J. Bouwens, GD Illingworth, PA Oesch, M. Stiavelli, P. van Dokkum, M. Trenti, D. Magee, I. Labbe, M. Franx, M. Carollo and V. Gonzalez: Discovery of z ~ 8 Galaxies in the HUDF from ultra-deep WFC3 / IR Observations. In: Astrophysical Journal. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ↑ Dim galaxy is the most distant object yet found. At: NewScientist.com. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ↑ a b Earliest galaxy helped clear Big Bang's fog. At: UsaToday.com. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ↑ Andrew Bunker, Stephen Wilkins, Richard Ellis, Daniel Stark, Silvio Lorenzoni, Kuenley Chiu, Mark Lacy, Matt Jarvis and Samantha Hickey: The Contribution of High Redshift Galaxies to Cosmic Reionization: New Results from Deep WFC3 Imaging of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
- ^ RJ McLure, JS Dunlop, M. Cirasuolo, AM Koekemoer, E. Sabbi, DP Stark, TA Targett, and RS Ellis: Galaxies at z = 6-9 from the WFC3 / IR imaging of the HUDF. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Retrieved December 15, 2010
- ↑ The most distant galaxy clears the cosmic nebula. At: ESO.org. October 20, 2010, accessed December 15, 2010.
- ↑ Cosmic Archeology Uncovers the Universe's Dark Ages . Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) September 13, 2006 ( online [accessed November 15, 2010]).
- ^ Universe's Most Distant Object Spotted. In: National Geographic . Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ^ Oldest Object in Universe Found. In: News.Discovery.com. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ↑ Galaxy is the most distant object yet. At: bbc.co.uk. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
- ^ A Long Time Ago, and Far, Far Away: The Oldest Object Ever Seen in the Universe. At: FoxNews.com. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ↑ Astronomers find most remote galaxy ever seen… 13 BILLION light years away. At: DailyMail.co.uk. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ↑ Astronomers Find Oldest Galaxy Yet. At: abcnews.go.com. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ↑ Scientists pinpoint the farthest galaxy. At: cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
- ↑ Distance and velocity of UDFy-38135539 in the λ-CMD model. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
- ^ Davis & Lineweaver: Expanding Confusion. Retrieved November 13, 2013.