Underground literature
As underground literature refers to a literature that secretly produced and disseminated.
As a samizdat , it was produced on a large scale in the communist bloc , especially in the Soviet Union and Poland . But one can also do so in the times of National Socialism and Fascism , cf. for example Ignazio Silone , in the French Ancien Régime , for example with Antoine de Baecque , even found the same phenomenon in antiquity.
But literature from the cultural underground is also often referred to as underground literature, e.g. For example, in Anglo-Saxon literature, the literature of the beat generation and of the hippies such as that of Allen Ginsberg , Jack Kerouac , William S. Burroughs , Neal Cassady and later Charles Bukowski .
In Russian literature one can count Vladimir Semjonowitsch Vysotsky , whose records were published by the state-owned " Melodija " label, but whose songs were primarily distributed via recordings and who broke out of the prescribed cultural policy with his subjects of prostitution , crime and anti-Semitism .
In a third sense, one speaks of texts that are only copied or appear in self-published publications, even without reaching the literary quality and dissemination of samizdat, as underground literature. The transitions between underground literature and fanzines are often fluid.