Charles Bukowski
Henry Charles Bukowski, Jr. (born August 16, 1920 in Andernach as Heinrich Karl Bukowski, † March 9, 1994 in San Pedro ) was an American poet and writer . From 1960 until his death he published over forty books of poetry and prose .
Life
Young years
Bukowski was born in Andernach in the Rhineland , from where his mother Katharina Fett (1895–1956) also came. His father Henry Bukowski (1895-1958), who was born in Pasadena , California, came to Andernach as an occupation soldier in the Third United States Army as a result of the First World War . A more recent Polish origin of the father, which is obvious due to the name, is not documented. All that is known about Bukowski's grandfather, Leonard Bukowski (1860–1926), is that he emigrated from the German Reich to the USA after completing his military service , where he first settled as a carpenter in Cleveland and then followed Emilie Olga Krause (1865), who was born in Danzig –1949) had married. As Bukowski himself assumed, it seems more plausible that his ancestors on his father's side became citizens of Prussia around 1780 in the course of the partitions of Poland .
In 1923, at the age of three, Bukowski moved with his parents to Los Angeles . After his father did his military service, however, he only found a job as a milk supplier . For this reason, the family lived at times in poor conditions. The father also regularly cheated on Bukowski's mother with other women, got drunk and physically abused his own son. Having reached puberty , Bukowski also suffered from severe acne and had pustules all over his body , which is why he was unable to attend school for a whole year (shown in The worst is yet to come or Almost a youth ).
After school, Bukowski first studied journalism at Los Angeles City College and tried his hand at writing at a young age, initially unsuccessfully . Alcohol was important early on in his life. For many years he lived little sedentary life, had numerous jobs, was briefly imprisoned for drunkenness and even in a psychiatric ward . These years of traveling included New Orleans , Miami Beach , New York City , Atlanta , Chicago and Philadelphia . In 1943 he was screened and found to be physically and mentally unfit for military service, which is why it is a commitment on the fronts of World War II was spared.
In 1947 Bukowski returned to Los Angeles and met Jane Cooney Baker (1910–1962), ten years his senior, with whom he lived until the early 1950s. In 1952 he worked for the United States Postal Service as a mail carrier for about three years . In 1954 he was hospitalized for a gastric bleeding that was almost fatal. After his release he began to write poetry for the first time. In late 1955 he married Barbara Frye, from whom he divorced in 1958. Frye, who came from a wealthy Texan family, was a writer herself and the editor of a small, alternative literary magazine called Harlequin .
At the beginning of 1958, Bukowski was again employed by the post office, this time in the office. He worked as a mail sorter for eleven years. Bukowski processed his experiences as an employee of the United States Postal Service in his first novel, The Man with the Leather Bag ( Post Office ) , published in 1971 . In January 1962, Bukowski's former partner Jane Cooney Baker died, according to Bukowski as a result of excessive alcohol consumption.
First successes
In 1962 the literary magazine The Outsider brought a special edition on Bukowski and awarded him the title "Outsider of the Year". The magazine's publishers, Louise and John Webb, also brought out Bukowski's first large volume of poetry ( It Catches My Heart in Its Hand ) in 1963 . During his time as a mail sorter, Bukowski also began to write weekly columns for the alternative newspaper Open City in Los Angeles. Some of the short stories later appeared in book form ( Notes of a Dirty Old Man ).
In 1964 Bukowski had a daughter, Marina Louise Bukowski. Bukowski lived with the girl's mother, Frances Dean Smith (1922–2009); they weren't married. In a 2000 interview with Long Beach Press-Telegram newspaper , Marina (now Marina Bukowski Stone) described him as a loving father. In 1970 Bukowski gave up his job at the post office and tried to make a living from his work as a writer. This was made possible, among other things, by a regular donation from his then publisher John Martin of Black Sparrow Press . He was inspired for many of his stories and poems during this period by the residents of East Hollywood where he lived.
In the early 1970s, Bukowski had an affair with the sculptor Linda King (* 1940). The relationship dragged on for several years, with multiple separations with subsequent reconciliation. Bukowski processed the sometimes painful experiences of this relationship in several chapters of his novel Das Liebesleben der Hyena ( Women ).
Mature years
In 1977 Bukowski met Linda Lee Beighle, who was the owner of a health food store at the time. With a few interruptions, the two lived together from 1978 until Bukowski's death. They moved into a house in San Pedro . In 1982, the documentary filmmaker Georg Stefan Troller recorded scenes of everyday life in Bukovski's way of describing the artist as an old dog . In 1985 Bukowski and Beighle married.
In 1994 Bukowski died of leukemia at the age of 73 in his adopted home of San Pedro . His gravestone bears the inscription "DON'T TRY" under the nickname "Hank", which, according to Linda King, means both "Don't try to be better than me" and "When you write, don't try, but let it flow ”can be understood.
In June 2006 his widow Linda Lee Bukowski donated Bukowski's literary archive to the Huntington Library in San Marino , California in a "remarkably generous gesture" . Because of the extensive registration work, the first exhibition under the title "Charles Bukowski: Poet on the Edge" was not held until the end of 2010.
plant
Bukowski gave Anton Chekhov , John Fante and Louis-Ferdinand Celine ( Journey to the End of the Night ) as literary role models.
His stories are often partially autobiographical , even if they are mostly satirical . Often the work is about people who are on the dark side of the " American way of life ". His protagonists are petty criminals , alcoholics , homeless people , prostitutes and he himself in the form of his literary alter ego Henry Chinaski (called Hank). Frequent venues are race tracks , be it for horse or dog races.
“Based on his own experiences, he wrote hard, humorous stories, novels and poems about life on the fringes of the bourgeoisie in a concise style. american. Society. Shock effect through the depiction of brutal violence, obscene sexuality and the dirt of the gutter. "
poetry
In the poems he does not adhere to any rules of rhyme or rhythm in short, easily understandable sentences, but from 1974 a melancholy accent creeps into his writings.
prose
Bukowski writes in harsh, direct language and in no way omits the dingy aspects of human life in his stories. His dialogues, in particular, are excellently observed and written at the highest level, occasionally even to the drastic level of Edward Albee or Arthur Miller . Critics also called him the "heavyweight writing champion". In his narrative work he is mostly comical , surprisingly absurd (with the exception of a few short stories ), enriched with self-irony and mostly positive.
The coming-of-age novel The worst is yet to come or almost a youth gives an insight into his childhood and youth . Bukowski chose the original title Ham on Rye based on the title Catcher in the Rye (published in German under the title Der Fänger im Roggen ) by JD Salinger .
In the novel Ausgeträum ( Pulp ), which he finished during his last serious cancer illness, he leaves the field of autobiographical writing, although he remains on the level of the personal narrator. It tells the story of the private detective Nick Belane, who finds death in the figure of a beautiful woman. In this last novel, autobiographical traits can only be found in symbolic form and are strongly alienated.
Effect and success
The "perhaps not most famous in the USA, but most stolen author in the bookstores" Bukowski is regarded by many as a myth and cult and was particularly successful in Europe. In Germany alone he sold more than four million books. Bukowski himself did his best to promote the image of the boozy genius . The reading in the Hamburg market hall on May 18, 1978 is legendary , when a refrigerator had to be on the stage so that the supply of well-tempered Müller-Thurgau wine would not be interrupted. He wrote the travelogue Ochsentour about the trip to Germany and the appearance in the Hamburg market hall . In later life he apparently had alcoholism under control and is said to have been a lot quieter and more sensitive than his image suggested.
Most of the German translations are by Carl Weissner , with whom Bukowski was a close friend. This is paraphrased by Bukowski in the book “Bad Losers” (original title: Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness ), in which a friend named Carl Vossner is jokingly mentioned by Hank on the phone.
Attempt to approach
Klaus Martens writes in his essay "American Literature" in Kindler's Literature Lexicon :
"[...] a characteristic feature of American literature: It can be eclectic in form, strongly rhetorically structured, experimental - epistemological in concept, often altruistic and very often didactic in its concerns ."
“American literature tends to question and produce models of existence. All of them, these American authors, were in their different ways deviants from accepted norms of literature, and sometimes of life, when these norms seemed too narrow in a European way. "
“All in all, since the 1950s, the novel has been asking increasingly complex questions about the boundary between self-awareness and self-development on the one hand and selfish self-realization on the other; the substance of what is to be realized is also checked. "
Temporally and geographically it is somewhere between beat generation and gonzo journalism , but cannot be assigned to these styles. Rather, he was an “idiosyncratic unique specimen that can neither be classified nor categorized.” With his “ credo of the absolute, literarily undisguised truthfulness of sensation and representation”, one must see him as a modern, ironic naturalist . This makes antihero Henry Chinaski the “uncompromisingly unadapted, pessimistic” protagonist par excellence.
Movies
The killers
The Killers (USA 1980) is considered to be the first film adaptation of a short story by Bukowski; it is the second directorial work by Patrick Roth , who also wrote the screenplay. The film with the subtitle A Story of the Buried Life is considered to be a psychologically in-depth adaptation of Bukowski's short story of the same name, published in South Of No North (1973). Harry and Bill, two seedy tramps, plan to break into a Beverly Hills mansion. Caught in the act by the landlord, her grand plan to finally get rich leads to total disaster. Their lack of professionalism results in an orgy of violence. Bukowski himself has an appearance in the opening credits of the film - emerging from the darkness of a freight car, smoking, he speaks the prologue of the story that Roth wrote for him.
Normally crazy
The Italian film Tales of Ordinary Madness by Marco Ferreri in 1981 with Ornella Muti and Ben Gazzara (as Charles Serking), based on the book Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness of 1972nd
The last night
In 1983 Andy Bausch took the short story " The Copulating Mermaid of Venice, California " from the book Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness (1972) as a model for the Luxembourg production The last night .
Barfly
For the 1987 film Barfly by Barbet Schroeder with Mickey Rourke in the role of Henry Chinaski, Bukowski wrote the screenplay in collaboration with Barbet Schroeder in the early 1980s. However, the realization dragged on for several years because Schroeder could not find any financial backers at first. According to Bukowski, Sean Penn and Madonna were also very interested in the two lead roles. The two were married in the 1980s and visited Bukowski several times at his home in San Pedro. The collaboration did not materialize, however, because the two wanted a different director. But Bukowski felt he had a duty to Barbet Schroeder. He himself can be seen in the film as an extra and plays a drinker (i.e. himself) who sits at a counter in a bar and watches Mickey Rourke (leading actor next to Faye Dunaway ) who walks past him.
In the book Hollywood , Bukowski talks about his experiences with the film industry and how he sees himself on screen again as a young man. The book describes the production of Barfly from his point of view on an alienated level . In general, it is enjoyable to want to recognize celebrities or people of current affairs in the book, who sometimes just run quickly through the scene or are briefly involved in a conversation.
The Charles Bukowski tapes
The Charles Bukowski Tapes are a three and a half hour long collection of short interviews, filmed and compiled by Barbet Schroeder and published in the USA in 1987.
Factotum
Norwegian director Bent Hamer filmed Bukowski's novel Factotum with Matt Dillon as Henry ("Hank") Chinaski and Lili Taylor in the leading roles. The film was released on December 8, 2005 and shows the phase in Bukowski's life in the early 1940s when the successful career as an underground poet was still in the distant future. A factotum is a "girl for everything", often used disparagingly. Matt Dillon stated in an interview that he hadn't gained much weight, but "played hard" for Bukowski.
Bukowski: Born Into This
The documentary film Bukowski: Born into This by John Dullaghan was shown in American cinemas from 2004 and is now available on (import) DVD . Dullaghan also worked with Bukowski's widow Linda on this film. In it, Sean Penn , Tom Waits , Bono and many other companions and friends talk about Bukowski.
The Man with the Beautiful Eyes
The 1999 animated short film The Man with the Beautiful Eyes by British director Jonathan Hodgson is based on Bukowski's poem of the same name from 1992.
Bukowski in Hamburg
Documentation by Thomas Schmitt on the occasion of Bukowski's visit to Germany in 1978, including some excerpts from the reading from the Hamburg market hall. The DVD (released in 2013) also contains a second film that director Thomas Schmitt made on the occasion of Bukowski's 70th birthday in the author's house: “Bukowski zum Seventyth”.
The blanket
The German short film, made in 2018, was shown for the first time at the Essen Video Rodeo in the Astra Theater. Directed by Moritz Terwesten and Gunnar Abel, the film shows a threatening panopticon that relates Bukowski's eponymous short story to the Ruhr city environment and the world of serial killer Fritz Honka on the Hamburger Berg. The protagonists Jörn Kitzhöfer (as Hank Chinaski) and Kristin Schulze (Gerda) depict a desperate pair constellation between demimondial world and the unfulfilled longing for civil redemption. Chinaski drinks, dances nightmarish tango scenes and leaves the audience distraught in their struggle with the duvet.
music
The Trier musician Michael Kiessling invented what he called a bar revue in 1997, initially under the title “Bukowski Waits For Us” in which he staged texts by Bukowski. The stage is usually located in the auditorium, from where the audience can interact. The individual scenes are separated from each other or connected by Kiesling's band with pieces by the musician Tom Waits , since in Kiesling's eyes Waits connects very well with Bukowski both lyrically and musically. The actress Marie Gruber has been part of the revue since 2004 . The respective CDs for the individual tours were released on the Buschfunk label in parallel: Lieder unterm Säufermond (2008), Fiese Weihnacht (2005), Bukowski is dead - but I knew him well (2004) and Bukowski waits for us Vol. 1 ( 2000.).
In 1982 Klaus Lage published the song Bukowski Writes a Book on his album Positiv .
In 2016 Reinhardt Repke and his Club der toten Dichter released the album Charles Bukowski - Poems Set to Music and went on a concert tour with the program of the same name. The actor Peter Lohmeyer was the interpreter of the Bukowski works .
German-language publications
- Records of an outsider. Melzer, Darmstadt 1970, original title: Notes of a Dirty Old Man , essays and short stories, columns from Open City , first published as a book by Essex Press
- The man with the leather bag , 1974, original title Post Office , Roman
- Poems that someone wrote before jumping out of the window on the eighth floor . MaroVerlag , Augsburg 1974. ISBN 978-3-87512-097-4 .
- Broken in Hollywood . Short stories. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1976. ISBN 978-3-87512-099-8 .
- Factotum (1977) (original title Factotum ), Roman
- Bad losers . Stories, City Lights Books, San Francisco 1972 (selection) (Title of the American original edition Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness. ) Anthology. The stories, written between 1968 and 1971, first appeared in the underground newspapers Open City , Nola Express and Berkley Barb as well as in various magazines ( Evergreen Review , Knight , Pix .) MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1977. ISBN 978-3-87512-210-7 .
- The escape-proof paradise. Stories of Buried Life (1977), short stories
- Fuck Machine (1977), short stories
- Nimble killers (1977), poems
- Pittsburgh Phil & Co. 1977, First Seven Tales from Escape-Proof Paradise
- Ein Profi (1977), second part of the stories from Das Ausbruchichere Paradies
- Life and death in the Uncle Sam Hotel . (Original title: Erections, Ejaculations, Exhibitions and General Tales of Ordinary Madness ) Short stories appeared as an anthology, s. o., 1972. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1978. ISBN 978-3-87512-098-1 .
- Western Avenue. Poems from over 20 years (1979), poems
- The love life of the hyena (1980) (Original title: Women ), novel
- Die Ochsentour , memories of his visit to Germany, MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1980. ISBN 978-3-87512-267-1 .
- Pacific Telephone - 51 Poems (1982), Poems
- The worst is yet to come, or Nearly a Youth (1983), novel
- Poems from the South End of the Couch (1984), Poems
- BUK - From and about Charles Bukowski . MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1984. ISBN 978-3-87512-236-7 .
- Free admission - poems 1955–1968 (1984), poems from the German edition Western Avenue
- The greatest loser in the world - poems 1968–1972 (1979), poems from the German edition Western Avenue
- This side and the other side of the median - poems 1972–1977 (1984), poems from the German edition Western Avenue
- Hot Water Music (1985), short stories
- The long job (1985), stories and poems, comics by Mathias Schultheiss
- Kaputt in der City (1985), stories and poems, comics by Mathias Schultheiss
- Not Sixty, Honey (1986), Poems
- The Last Generation (1988), selection of poems from War All the Time
- Hollywood (1990), novel about the making of Barfly
- To New Orleans and Back (1990), narrative (With a Bukowski portrait by Jörg Fauser)
- The Most Beautiful Woman in Town (1991), Summary of The Long Job and A Reader
- Red Mercedes (poems 1984–1986)
- Everyone Pays On It (1993), Short Stories
- The Girls in the Green Hotel (1982), poems
- Kamikaze dreams (1984), poems
- Somewhere in Texas , poetry. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 2000. ISBN 978-3-87512-249-7 .
- On the steel horse into nirvana. Poems, 1996.
- Death is free. Poems 1992–1993, 1999.
- Dream over. Roman, 1995.
- The other. Narrative. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1995. ISBN 978-3-87512-255-8 .
- 439 poems. Edited and translated by Carl Weissner, Zweiausendeins 2003
- Los Angeles - Andernach - Letters to Uncle Heinrich. Ariel Publishing 2004.
- Screams from the balcony - letters 1958–1994. German translation by Carl Weissner, Ginko Press 2005.
- Big puke comes to the gods. Diary, German translation by Carl Weissner , 2006
- A rejection notice and its consequences. Book guild Gutenberg / Great booklet, 2007
- Last messages. Edited and translated by Carl Weissner, Zweiausendeins 2007
- Pulp: Dreamed up - a novel. KiWi, Paperback, Cologne 2011.
- The wine-soaked notebook - stories and essays 1944–1990. S. Fischer, Klassik, Frankfurt 2012.
- Records of a Dirty Old Man. S. Fischer, Frankfurt 2012.
- End of the announcement - poems. KiWi, Paperback, Cologne, 2012.
- Hot Water Music - Stories. KiWi, Paperback, Cologne, 2013.
- More records from a dirty old man. S. Fischer, Frankfurt 2013.
- Held out of service - stories and essays 1946–1992. S. Fischer, Klassik, Frankfurt 2014. ("Absence of the Hero: Uncollected Stories and Essays, Volume 2: 1946–1992")
- Everyone talks too much - and other poems . ( Poems missing in Roter Mercedes .) MaroVerlag, Augsburg 2015. ISBN 978-3-87512-469-9 .
- About writing - letters to my companions and patrons. KiWi, Paperback, Cologne, 2017.
- Dante baby, the inferno is here! 94 uncensored poems. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 2018.
- Nobody beats the hour - stories. S. Fischer, Klassik, Frankfurt 2018.
Audio books
- Hello, it's good to be back! Recording of a reading in the Hamburg market hall on May 18, 1978, two thousand and one 2007
- A mole in a box. Songs and poems with Gerd Wameling. For the 90th birthday. Composed and produced by Steffen Weßbecher-Newman. ELF-a Musik Mannheim, VÖ Steinbach Talking Books 2010, ISBN 978-3-86974-055-3 .
- Charles Bukowski in Hamburg / Bukowski for the Seventieth Two films by Thomas Schmitt (DVD, 78 min.), Bellaphon 2012
- Fuck Machine , read by Martin Semmelrogge
- The man with the leather bag , read by Matthias Brandt, ISBN 978-388897-711-4 Verlag Antje Kunstmann
- Pittsburgh Phil & Co. and other stories of buried life , read by Thorsten Münchow , Zeitbrücke Verlag 2013
- A professional and other stories from buried life , read by Thorsten Münchow , Zeitbrücke Verlag 2013
English-language bibliography
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Editing
- Turpentine on the rocks - The best poems from the American alternative press 1966–1977, together with Carl Weissner . MaroVerlag , Augsburg 1978. ISBN 978-3-87512-262-6 .
Documentaries
- Charles Bukowski - The Somewhat Different Andernacher, SWR TV , 30 min., Broadcast known in the country , 2020. A film by Alexander Wasner about Bukowski's German roots on the occasion of his 100th birthday
literature
- Charles Bukowski: The worst is yet to come, or almost a youth . German by Carl Weissner, 12th edition. dtv, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-423-12386-9 .
- Roni (Ed.): Charles Bukowski Timeline . A special publication by the Charles Bukowski Society in cooperation with bukowski.net & Michael J. Phillips. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 2020, ISBN 978-3-87512-323-4 .
- Rainer Wehlen, AD Winans (Ed.): Buk: by and about Charles Bukowski . From the American. by Rainer Wehlen, adult special edition. der German first edition, MaroVerlag , Augsburg 1989, ISBN 3-87512-236-4 .
- Horst Schmidt: It's good to be back: an outsider and his German readers; Charles Bukowski's reception in the German-speaking area . 2., revised. u. exp. Edition. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1991, ISBN 3-87512-141-4 .
- Neeli Cherkovski: The Life of Charles Bukowski . From the American. by Gerhard Beckmann, Dt. License edition, 1st edition. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-87512-235-6 .
- Gundolf S. Freyermuth : That's it: last words with Charles Bukowski . Rasch and Röhring, Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-89136-600-0 .
- Horst Schmidt: The Germans love me for some reason. Charles Bukowski and Germany. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 2006, ISBN 3-87512-274-7 .
- Barry Miles: Charles Bukowski. Virgin, London 2005, ISBN 1-85227-271-6 .
- Jean-François Duval: Bukowski and the Beats. From counter boxers and pop literati. MaroVerlag, Augsburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-87512-320-3 .
- Playboy Interview: Günter Wallraff ... Charles Bukowski et al., Moewig Verlag Munich 1980, ISBN 3-8118-7024-6
Web links
- Literature by and about Charles Bukowski in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Charles Bukowski in the German Digital Library
- Charles Bukowski in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Site of Charles Bukowski-Gesellschaft
- Detailed biography, prepared by the Bukowski Society (PDF; 119 kB)
- About the film Factotum at Arte
- Bukowski page at the Academy of American Poets , founded 1934 (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Neeli Cherkovski: The life of Charles Bukowski. Munich 1993, p. 19.
- ↑ Walter Jens (ed.): Kindlers new literary dictionary . Study edition, license edition of the reviewed original edition, Komet, Munich 19XX, ISBN 3-89836-214-0 , Volume 3.
- ^ Christian-Albrecht Gollub: The lyric work. P. 337 f.
- ^ Henning Thies: Post Office. Pp. 338/339.
- ^ John Dullaghan, The Bukowski tour , Los Angeles Times, May 23, 2004.
- ↑ Interview with Linda King
- ↑ a b Bukowski Exhibition at the Huntington Library, San Marino, California (English)
- ↑ "Every day I went down to the corner of Adams and La Brea, and my librarian sat at her desk as always, strict and silent and conscientious. I took books off the shelves and put them back. I finally made a discovery. The book was by a man named Upton Sinclair . He made simple sentences and wrote his anger off his mind: He wrote about the Chicago slaughterhouses. He went straight to the point and just described it as it was. […] Lawrence wrote a hard and bloody line. [...] Still, it was good to read all of their stuff. It made you realize that words and thoughts could be fascinating, if ultimately useless. ”“ The worst is yet to come, or almost a youth. P. 177f., P. 198.
- ↑ Werner Habicht (Ed.): Der Literatur-Brockhaus: in eight volumes . Bibliographisches Institut & FA Brockhaus AG, Mannheim 1995, fundamentally revised. and exp. Paperback, ISBN 3-411-11800-8 , Volume 2, p. 77.
- ↑ a b Walter Jens (ed.): Kindlers new literary dictionary . Study edition, license edition of the reviewed original edition, Komet, Munich 19XX, ISBN 3-89836-214-0 , Volume 3, p. 338.
- ↑ Gundolf S. Freyermuth in: Der Spiegel 3/2006, The Art of Losing , based on the year 1986, accessed on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ Walter Jens (ed.): Kindlers new literary dictionary . Study edition, license edition of the reviewed original edition, Komet, Munich 19XX, ISBN 3-89836-214-0 , p. 339.
- ↑ Transfers from the New World >> in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung from January 29, 2012, p. 26.
- ↑ Walter Jens (ed.): Kindlers new literary dictionary . Study edition, license edition of the reviewed original edition, Komet, Munich 19XX, Volume 20, p. 314.
- ↑ Walter Jens (ed.): Kindlers new literary dictionary . Study edition, license edition of the reviewed original edition, Komet, Munich 19XX, ISBN 3-89836-214-0 , Volume 3, p. 337.
- ↑ a b Walter Jens (ed.): Kindlers new literary dictionary . Study edition, license edition of the reviewed original edition, Komet, Munich 19XX, ISBN 3-89836-214-0 , Volume 3, p. 339.
- ↑ A detailed description with script sketches by Roth et al. Reinhold Zwick gives filmographic information: The Boxer and The Killers . About two early short films by Patrick Roth. In: Michaela Kopp-Marx (Ed.): The living myth. The letter from Patrick Roth. Würzburg 2010, pp. 158-169.
- ↑ A short portrait gives: The Killers. In: The New York Times. February 20, 2011.
- ↑ The last night. In: cna.public.lu. Center national de l'audiovisuel, accessed on May 20, 2018 (French).
- ↑ Factotum - official website for the film , accessed on October 10, 2006.
- ↑ Andreas Borcholte: The drunkard's beautiful soul. Review of Factotum in Spiegel Online on December 8, 2005, accessed on October 9, 2006.
- ↑ Epd Film 12/2005, p. 43.
- ↑ Internet Movie Database: Born into this (English)
- ^ Vita Vagabundo . In: Tango Vagabundo - Tango in Bielefeld, Ahlen & the surrounding area . June 23, 2014 ( tango-vagabundo.de [accessed October 1, 2018]).
- ↑ Kristin Schulze - Berlin Criminal Theater. Accessed October 1, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Bukowski dances the tango . In: Tango Vagabundo - Tango in Bielefeld, Ahlen & the surrounding area . January 31, 2018 ( tango-vagabundo.de [accessed October 1, 2018]).
- ↑ Bukowski Waits For Us at laut.de.
- ^ Newspaper of March 10, 2000 , accessed on May 24, 2017.
- ↑ Klaus Lage: Bukowski. Retrieved on August 15, 2020 .
- ↑ texts. Retrieved August 15, 2020 .
- ↑ Bukowski settings - Lohmeyer at the club of dead poets. Retrieved on August 17, 2020 (German).
- ^ Jens Großkreuz: Bukowski anthology: In vino veritas. (badische-zeitung.de, December 14, 2012, December 27, 2012)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bukowski, Charles |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bukowski, Henry Charles Jr. (full name); Bukowski, Karl Heinrich (birth name); Chinaski, Henry (alter ego) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American poet and writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 16, 1920 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Then after |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 9, 1994 |
| Place of death | San Pedro (Los Angeles) , United States |