United Provinces of Central Italy

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United Provinces of Central Italy Province Unite del Centro d'Italia 1859–1860
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Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Parma Duchy of Modena Papal States navigation Kingdom of Italy
Official language	Italian
Capital	Modena and Florence
Form of government	confederacy
Head of government	Carlo Bon Compagni di Mombello
surface	approx. 45,439 km²
currency	Italian lire
founding	December 8, 1859
resolution	March 22, 1860

The United Provinces of Central Italy was a state that existed during the final stages of the Risorgimento . It was completely controlled and directed by the government of the Kingdom of Sardinia . It consisted of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany conquered by Sardinia , the Duchy of Parma , the Duchy of Modena and the occasional annexed territories of the Papal States (Romagna).

The purpose of this state was to control the areas in central Italy conquered by the Kingdom of Sardinia at the same time without incorporating them into national territory and depriving the population of their free will. It only existed until the population decided in an election on March 11th and 12th for incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy sought by Sardinia .

prehistory

Italy 1843–1870:
yellow, beige and orange = Habsburg states,
green = Bourbon states,
red dates = connection to the Kgr. Sardinien-Piemont or Kgr. Italy

Before the unification of the Central Italian Confederation, the duchies of Tuscany, Parma and Modena were ruled by members of the House of Habsburg from Austria , which prevented the unification of the Italian-speaking areas.

In the context of the Sardinian-Austrian War , Modena overthrew its Habsburg rulers in January 1859 , Tuscany in August 1859 and Parma in December 1859 . The papal state has been controlled by French troops ever since it became a Roman republic through revolution that was violently crushed by the Spanish and French. However, since the Kingdom of Sardinia had excellent relations with France , it was able to take Romagna without resistance, together with the non-governmental middle states, so that Sardinia founded the United Provinces on December 8th.

The territory of this state corresponds roughly to the territory of the Italian regions of Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna .