Traffic elimination rate

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The term Verkehrsausscheidungsziffer (abbreviation VAZ , also Verkehrsausscheideziffer , long-distance traffic elimination number , elimination number or elimination number , in Austria also network elimination number ) comes from telecommunications and denotes the leading digits before the local area code . Both together make up the phone code .

Telephone systems

In the case of telephone systems , an additional traffic elimination number (in German-speaking countries typically a preceding "0") is required in order to dial from the internal to the external telephone network. Because only in these external calls an outside line is required, the process is outside line and this additional VAZ then exchange code called (AKZ). In American-dominated countries or in devices designed for the international market, the "9" is often used as an AKz, since the "0" in the USA is mostly reserved for the operator (control center).

National

National traffic elimination rates

Since the international telephone prefixes were standardized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), in many countries the prefix for long-distance calls consists of the national traffic code and the actual area code.

In the case of a national long-distance telephone call within the German telephone network, the telephone code is made up of the traffic elimination number (VAZ) "0" and the local area code (ONKZ). After selecting the VAZ, the further connection establishment is no longer controlled by the local exchange , but by the remote exchange . For example, for Berlin , the ONKZ 30 results in the area code “030”.

This also applies in Austria and Switzerland, where an open numbering plan also applies. In Liechtenstein, in the course of the liberalization of the telecommunications market, a closed numbering plan was used. The leading "0" for national calls is no longer dialed here, but instead the former area code must be dialed for all calls (landline, mobile numbers and services), so local dialing in your own local network is no longer possible. By definition, speed dials beginning with “1” have no area code.

International

An international VAZ initiates an international call. In Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Liechtenstein, "00" is the international VAZ. After choosing the international VAZ, the further connection setup is often controlled by the international exchange. Then the country code is dialed, for example "49" for Germany. This results in the entire area code “0049” for Germany.

For international calls to complete the connection, the area code and subscriber number are required after the international traffic exclusion number and the country code, but the VAZ in front of the area code is usually omitted. Exceptions are Italy , Spain , Portugal , Liechtenstein and Luxembourg . Here the pre-selection system has been completely abolished and there is only the subscriber number itself. Therefore, any leading zero belongs to the number and is not considered a VAZ.

When specifying phone numbers in international business transactions, the international traffic elimination number is abbreviated with "+", especially since different international traffic codes are used. For example, the area code for international calls to Berlin is “+49 30”. The "+" stands for the international number format of the following digits and is also entered directly on mobile devices, for example. The international VAZ is thus obsolete because the first exchange interprets the dialed number directly as an international number format or replaces it with "00" if necessary.

The "00" as VAZ follows the recommendations of the ITU and is increasingly spreading internationally. It applies consistently in Western Europe as well as in most countries in Africa, South America and the Middle East. Deviating from this, for example, the countries of the North American numbering plan use the "011" as the VAZ and Japan the "010". In some countries the international VAZ is dependent on the telephone company, for example the international VAZ in Russia is “8xx”, with “xx” as the part which is dependent on the telephone company.

Cross connections

Historically, the use of the traffic elimination number meant that the local tariff was not used, but the national or international tariff. In the case of a local call , you stay at the local exchange, while the traffic elimination number is forwarded to the next node exchange, where another clock counts the tariff. From there you come back to another local exchange with the area code.

Additional cross-connection routes were introduced for telephone traffic between nearby locations with extensive telephone traffic . While the traffic elimination number in Germany was standardized to “0” from 1952, the area codes for cross-connections in the simplified self-dialing remote service (vSWFD) remained inconsistent until they were abolished. Cross- connections with a leading number “9” were technically planned for the EMD voters of the Bundespost, which are often found . A special feature are cross connections that even crossed national borders and thus avoided the often very expensive international telephone tariff - these direct lines existed between places close together in a border area.

In many house systems with multi-digit telephone numbers, there are also cross-connections to other parts of the company (location codes) in addition to the elimination number to the local network (exchange code). These speed dials are regularly standardized in the company's numbering plan . In the operating network of the railway , internal block numbers were placed on the "8" and "9". Since there is no transfer to an external telecommunications service provider, these calls via the internal area codes are free of charge even to remote parts of the company. After speed dialing the location, the company-internal extension number is used .

With the transition to digital telephone networks and electronic billing systems , cross-connections have become rare. They are no longer necessary to avoid a national or international tariff and are only used as a speed dial for another local network. In the case of internal telephone networks, cross-connections can be used to establish confidentiality, since calls are not made via an external service, but are switched via separate lines .

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Structure and design of the number range for local network numbers, Federal Network Agency, Order 25/2006
  2. ↑ Introduction of final office 56. Bayer-Online, accessed on September 11, 2017 : “In addition to controlling the higher-level office using the traffic elimination number 0, cross connections to neighboring local offices were also planned. The cross lines were placed on the GLW steps of decade 9. One or more transverse directions can be switched with one or more lines per direction, whereby the first transverse direction can be controlled either with one digit (9) or with two digits. "
  3. ↑ Telephoning from A to Z. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, accessed on September 7, 2017 : “ Cross traffic (free of charge) : There are free cross connections to the university hospital and to the telephone network of the city of Frankfurt am Main. The extensions in the area of ​​the clinic can be dialed directly after selecting number "6". The transition to the network of the city of Frankfurt am Main occurs after dialing the number "132". Dialing the clinic: "6" and 4-digit extension (replaces 0-6301-); Dialing the city of Frankfurt am Main .: "132" and 5-digit extension (replaces 0-212-) "
  4. ↑ Telephone system. University of Regensburg, accessed on September 7, 2017 : “The participants of the clinic, the University of Regensburg and the State Building Authority can be reached via short-code dialing. [...] Abbreviated dialing : 02 + 4-digit phone number = university hospital; 03 + 3-digit phone number = State Building Authority "