Veiling in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is the veiling of women in public duty. This is usually done with an abaya or a hijab . It was not until March 2018 that the Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced that in future women would not be obliged to wear an abaya in public in Saudi Arabia . The obligation to wear a veil in Saudi Arabia should be dropped and women should be free to wear discreet and respectful clothing, although covering their hair is still a legal obligation for women.
Although women are only allowed to show their charms in public to a very limited extent, according to a report by the Financial Times , they spend almost 1.9 billion euros on cosmetics in the UK . Per capita consumption is therefore not only in the forefront in the Middle East, but also worldwide.
Requirements
The veil is not explicitly mentioned in the constitution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Articles 1, 23 and 45 stipulate that women must nevertheless wear it in public. The veil should basically cover the body, its intensity and type differ very widely in the respective areas of the country. This does not apply to girls before they reach puberty.
Even non-Muslim foreign women have to cover their figures with a wide, untapered dress or a cape ( abaya ) and also cover their arms and legs. In the north of the country, and especially in the port city of Jeddah , this method is also used by women of Muslim faith. Unlike in Iran , where the veiling of female hair does not follow any doctrine and revealing the headscarf is very common, the Saudi tradition follows a more pragmatic veiling of femininity. This allows the hair to be left partially uncovered. The abaya is required by law, a headscarf or hijab is common, but not mandatory. In the central provinces ( Riyadh and Buraida) you can also see many women veiling themselves with a niqab , although this is not required by law.
Penalties for violation
Men who show photos of unveiled women face severe penalties if they are advertised. These include prison sentences and lashes .
Women generally have to meet the minimum requirement of veiling. A penalty is not legally stipulated for disregard, but is at the discretion of the judge. Most of the time, a "request" from the police must be expected, but it becomes more drastic when the Mutawwa requests it. The latter does not necessarily have to be obeyed either. The media repeatedly report harassment by Mutawwa officials. Harassment may be reported to the police. Criminal complaints are rare and are mostly limited to Buraida and Asir, particularly religious areas. In particular, in the port city of Jeddah , the police do not pursue any moral violations and do not pay attention to compliance with the dress code for women, which is a point of attack by critics of the police in conservative circles.
Controversy
On March 11, 2002, fifteen girls who tried to escape from a burning school were burned to death in Mecca. They were beaten and prevented from leaving the burning building by members of the Saudi Arabian religious police because the girls did not wear the black full-body veils required for women in Saudi Arabia when they tried to escape from the burning building. The firefighters could have seen the hair of the women, which the religious police , for reasons of fundamentalist Wahhabi Islam in Saudi Arabia , tried to prevent by all means and even accepting the death of the women. As a result of this incident, eight years after the incident, eight years after the incident, the Ministry of Education, after a lengthy discussion process, allowed the fire brigade to rescue women who were not completely correctly dressed.
Model Khulood
In July 2017, under the pseudonym “Model Khulood”, a video clip of a woman walking through Ushaiqir with loose hair and wearing a mini skirt and top was published on the Internet , violating the clothing regulations. The Saudi authorities temporarily arrested a woman who admitted to being the person pictured on July 18, 2017 for wearing revealing clothing and information crimes; however, the video was distributed without her consent. The case attracted worldwide attention. The case against the woman was discontinued according to a message from the Arab media on July 21, 2017. The video and the choice of the location in the heartland of Wahhabism were perceived as a conscious protest against the dress code in force in Saudi Arabia and led to controversial discussions in the widespread social media there.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Independent: Saudi women should be able to choose whether to wear head cover or black abaya in public, says Crown Prince
- ↑ Reuters: Saudi women should have choice whether to wear abaya robe: crown prince
- ↑ ftd.de : Beauty boom under the veil ( Memento from July 30, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
-
↑ The Basic Law of Saudi Arabia
Article 1:
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic State. Its religion is Islam. Its constitution is Almighty God's Book, The Holy Quran, and the Sunna (Tradition) of the Prophet. Arabic is the language of the Kingdom. The City of Riyadh is the capital.
German: “The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab-Islamic state. His religion is Islam. Its constitution is that of the Book of Almighty God, the Holy Quran and the Sunnah (tradition) of the Messenger. Arabic is the language of the kingdom. The capital is Riyadh. "
Article 23:
The State shall protect the Islamic Creed, apply the Sharia, encourage good and discourage evil, and undertake its duty regarding the Propagation of Islam (Islamic Dawa).
German: “The state protects the Islamic faith, applies the Sharia, commands what is right and forbids what is reprehensible. He fulfills the duty to invite (the people) to Islam ( Da'wa ). ”
Article 45:
The Holy Quran and the Sunna (Tradition) of God's Messenger shall be the source for fetwas (religious advisory rulings). The Law shall specify hierarchical organization for the composition of the Council of the Senior Ulema, the Research Administration and the Office of the Mufti, together with their functions.
English: “The Holy Koran and the Sunna (tradition) of God's Messenger are the source for fatwas (religiously binding instructions). The law determines the hierarchically organized composition of the Ulema Council , the Research Administration and the Mufti Office and their functions. " - ↑ islam-qa.com: أرجو أن تزودني بآيات وأحاديث تتعلق بأهمية الحجاب للمسلمات .
- ↑ - A society on the move . In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur . ( dradio.de [accessed on July 31, 2017]).
- ↑ Tourism: Saudi Arabia - Journey through a closed country - WELT. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Domestic Policy. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
- ↑ STANDARD Verlagsgesellschaft mbH: Mufti: Fingerprints instead of ID photos for female students . In: derStandard.at . ( derstandard.at [accessed on July 31, 2017]).
- ↑ 1160 lashes for a photo ( memento from December 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) stern.de, December 13, 2007
- ↑ Woman embarrassing religious police with YouTube video welt.de, May 29, 2012
- ^ Saudi to curb powers of religious police AFP / The Express Tribune, October 3, 2012
- ↑ Florian Rötzer: The power of the Saudi religious police should be limited | Telepolis. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Tourism: Saudi Arabia - Journey through a closed country - WELT. Retrieved July 31, 2017 .
- ↑ Erik Möller : The dead girls of Mecca. In: heise.de . March 25, 2002, accessed February 26, 2015 .
- ^ Ministry decision : Saudis allow fire brigades to save girls. In: Spiegel Online . May 17, 2010, accessed February 26, 2015 .
- ↑ Video on YouTube
- ↑ Josh Robbins: Watch new video of Saudi Arabian miniskirt model Khulood singing and having fun. In: International Business Times . July 19, 2017, accessed July 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Woman arrested after video in miniskirt. In: FAZ . July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017 .
- ↑ Eleanor Rose: Model arrested in Saudi Arabia for wearing a skirt in public in viral clip. In: Evening Standard . July 19, 2017, accessed July 27, 2017 .
- ↑ Saudi police release Snapchat 'model in skirt' without charge. In: ArabianBusiness.com. Retrieved July 23, 2017 .
- ↑ Matthew Weaver, Mona Mahmood: Saudi police question woman accused of wearing 'indecent' clothing. In: The Guardian. July 18, 2017, accessed May 18, 2018 .