Bardo contract

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Beginning of the contract text
Last page with the signatures of those involved

The Treaty of Bardo (also Treaty of Al-Qasr as-Sa'id or Treaty of Ksar Said ) was signed on May 12, 1881 between representatives of the French Republic and the Tunisian Bey Muhammad III. al-Husain , Sadiq Bey, completed. With the treaty, the Bey submitted to a French protectorate , which was to last until Tunisia became independent from France on March 20, 1956 . With the protectorate, the Bey gave up its independence in foreign and defense policy as well as in relation to the ongoing administrative reform; Corresponding decisions could only be made in consultation with the respective French Minister- Resident. The administrative regulations were revised on June 5, 1883 in the La Marsa Agreement .

history

The attack by members of the Tunisian Kroumer tribe on the territory of the French colony of Algeria gave the French Prime Minister Jules Ferry an opportunity for a French military action against Tunisia, during which an expeditionary corps of around 36,000 soldiers was landed in April and May 1881 and used against the Kroumers . The troops encountered little resistance, including from the government.

The Treaty of Bardo was given to General Jules Aimé Bréart , who landed with part of the force of around 8,000 men in the Tunisian port city of Bizerta between May 3rd and 6th, 1881 , in his from May 11th to 12th, 1881 Camp at Manouba sent by telegram from the French government. Accompanied by an armed escort, Bréart, General Pierre Léon Maurand and the French Consul General Théodore Roustan visited Sadiq Bey on May 11 at around 1 p.m. in his palace in Ksar Saïd near Bardo and presented him with the contract in a short meeting. Sadiq Bey asked for a few hours to consider the matter with his cabinet. Some ministers advised fleeing to Kairouan in order to organize the resistance from there. The presence of the French troops in the immediate vicinity of his palace also ultimately contributed to his refusal and that the treaty with which the French protectorate over Tunisia began was signed by both sides.

After consulting with his government, Bréart refrained from occupying the nearby city of Tunis at the request of the Beys to avoid unrest . On May 15, at 10 a.m. in the presence of Bréart and an armed escort at the Maison de France in Tunis , Roustan was appointed the first French Minister- Resident and Ministre plénipotentiaire of his government in Tunisia. At 4 p.m. Bréart returned to the Manouba camp.

Web links

Commons : Treaty of Bardo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Encyclopedia of World History (2001) Treaty of Bardo, establishing a French protectorate over Tunis. This went back to the assurances of Salisbury and Bismarck during the Congress of Berlin, but the French government had not acted because of the indifference of French public opinion in matters of colonial expansion and because of distrust of Bismarck's motives. The question was precipitated by the activity of the Italians, determined to make good their failure to secure gains at the Berlin Congress at Austria's expense. The affair initiated a long period of Franco-Italian tension and modified the Mediterranean situation to Britain's disadvantage. Gladstone protested, but the British government was committed by Salisbury's assurances.

    German based on Encyclopedia of World History (2001): With the Treaty of Bardo, the French protectorate began over Tunis. It went back to an agreement between Salisbury and Bismarck on the occasion of the Berlin Congress , which had not yet been implemented by the French government, as they distrusted Bismarck's assurances and saw public opinion on the expansion of colonial possessions directed against them. It was triggered by the activities of the Italians, who saw themselves disadvantaged in their colonial claims at the expense of Austria-Hungary at the Berlin Congress. The matter resulted in prolonged tension between Italy and France and the situation in the Mediterranean deteriorated to the detriment of the United Kingdom. Gladstone protested, but the British government was bound by Salisbury's assurance to Bismarck.