Jules Ferry
Jules François Ferry (born April 5, 1832 in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges , † March 17, 1893 in Paris ) was a French Prime Minister and Minister in the Third Republic .
Ferry was a lawyer by profession and belonged to the left republican camp. He stood out as an opponent of the Second Empire and was a member of parliament from 1869. During this time he dealt mainly with French domestic politics.
Shortly after he formed his first cabinet as Prime Minister on September 23, 1880 , however, he turned primarily to colonial policy. At the Berlin Congress of 1878, the European powers had already promised France the takeover of Tunisia from the remains of the crumbling Ottoman Empire . Immediately after taking office, Ferry set about realizing this claim, in which France was in competition with Italy, and in 1881 he created the French protectorate of Tunisia. In 1880 his domestic political achievements included the introduction of free and compulsory primary school attendance. In addition, he pushed back the influence of the Jesuits on the school system, reorganized teacher training and set up the first state school for girls.
At the turn of 1881/82, Ferry briefly handed over the chairmanship of the cabinet to Léon Gambetta . In the following years he focused on conquering Tonkins . In Africa, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza expanded the French territory in the Congo, largely independently of the government . French troops also enlarged the colony in Senegal .
In the mid-1880s, Ferry was under increasing political pressure. While the monarchist conservatives rejected the republic, Ferry's expansive colonial policy reduced support on the left, where Georges Clemenceau became his main adversary. The fact that colonial policy was coordinated with Bismarck generally reduced Ferry's popularity. When a colonial war with China broke out in 1884, the government's backing was completely shattered. On March 30, 1885, Parliament overthrew Ferry's government .
Fonts
- Discours et opinions , A. Colin & cie, Paris 1893-98
Web links
- Newspaper article about Jules Ferry in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Paul Challemel-Lacour |
Foreign Minister of France November 20, 1883 - April 6, 1885 |
Charles de Freycinet |
|
Agénor Bardoux Paul Bert Jules Duvaux |
Minister of Education of France February 4, 1879 - November 14, 1881 January 30, 1882 - August 7, 1882 February 21, 1883 - November 20, 1883 |
Paul Bert Jules Duvaux Armand Fallières |
| Philippe Le Royer |
President of the French Senate February 24, 1893 - March 17, 1893 |
Paul Challemel-Lacour |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ferry, Jules |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Ferry, Jules François (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 5, 1832 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Saint-Dié-des-Vosges |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 17, 1893 |
| Place of death | Paris |