Treaty of Petrópolis

German map before the Treaty of Petrópolis with the Bolivian border clearly further north

Plan of the Madeira-Mamoré railway with a broad part of the border

The Treaty of Petrópolis was signed on November 17, 1903 between Bolivia and Brazil in Petrópolis , ended border disputes and also meant the end of the unrecognized " Republic of Acre ". The territory assigned to Brazil is now the state of Acre .

The signatories for Brazil were: José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior , Baron of Rio Branco (Barão do Rio Branco) and Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil ; for Bolivia: Fernando Eloy Guachalla and Claudio Pinilla .

The "Republic of Acre" was proclaimed on May 1, 1899 by Luiz Galvez Rodrigues de Arias as "Estado Independiente del Acre, Purús y Yacú". It covered a territory that belonged to both Bolivia and Peru , but was inhabited almost exclusively by Brazilian rubber collectors. Bolivia then founded the city of Puerto Alonso (today Porto Acre ) in order to establish an administration in the previously neglected area. According to CG Vera, Bolivia had a strategy in the second half of the 19th century of granting land to investors from the USA, Great Britain and France, which Brazil interpreted as an imperialist action promoted by the USA.

In 1901 the government of Bolivia rented the area in the Treaty of Aramayo to American investors ( The Bolivian Syndicate of New York ) who wanted to earn money from the rubber boom at the time and granted them tax exemption. As a result, there was an uprising among rubber collectors led by the Brazilian officer José Plácido de Castro . The insurgents won the fight and again proclaimed the independent "Republic of Acre".

Bolivia and Brazil then agreed on an area swap , in which Brazil received the area of what is now the state of Acre and surrendered 3000 km² of land between the Rio Madeira and the Río Abuná . The contract also provided for the payment of £ 2 million to Bolivia and the construction of an extension of the Madeira-Mamoré railway from the Brazilian border town of Guajará-Mirim on the Río Mamoré to the Bolivian Riberalta . However, the railway section was never built.

The contract also stipulated that the border between Brazil and Peru should be determined. In 1909, under the leadership of Argentina, these negotiations in Rio de Janeiro resulted in Peru receiving 39,000 km² of the area allocated to Brazil in the Treaty of Petrópolis. The syndicate received £ 110,000 in compensation.

literature

Ruy Barbosa : A transacção do Acre no tratado de Petrópolis. Polémica. Jornal do Commercio, Rio de Janeiro 1906 ( digitized version ).
The new border between Brazil and Bolivia. In: Hermann Haack (Ed.): Geographers Calendar. 3rd year, Justus Perthes, Gotha 1905/1906, pp. 49–50. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Tratado de Petrópolis (Full text of the contract), Wikisource

Individual evidence

↑ Cristina Patriota de Moura: TRATADO DE PETRÓPOLIS. In: FGV.BR. Retrieved August 24, 2019 .
↑ Loreto Correa Vera, Cristián Garay Vera, Anahí Vaca-Díez, Ana Solíz Landívar: "Bolivia en dos frentes: las negociaciones de los tattedados de acre y de límites con Chile", In: Universum , Talca, Volume 22, 2007, No. 1, pp. 268-289, ISSN 0716-498X ( digitized , Spanish).
↑ Christián Garay Vera: El Acre y los "Asuntos del Pacífico": Bolivia, Brasil, Chile y Estados Unidos. In: Historia. Volume II, 2008, No. 41. pp. 341-369 ISSN 0073-2435 ( digitized version ).

[fgv-1] Cristina Patriota de Moura: TRATADO DE PETRÓPOLIS. In: FGV.BR. Retrieved August 24, 2019 .

[2] Loreto Correa Vera, Cristián Garay Vera, Anahí Vaca-Díez, Ana Solíz Landívar: "Bolivia en dos frentes: las negociaciones de los tattedados de acre y de límites con Chile", In: Universum , Talca, Volume 22, 2007, No. 1, pp. 268-289, ISSN 0716-498X ( digitized , Spanish).

[3] Christián Garay Vera: El Acre y los "Asuntos del Pacífico": Bolivia, Brasil, Chile y Estados Unidos. In: Historia. Volume II, 2008, No. 41. pp. 341-369 ISSN 0073-2435 ( digitized version ).