Villa Große Weinmeisterstraße 17

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Villa Große Weinmeisterstraße 17

The Villa Große Weinmeisterstraße 17 is a listed residential building in the Nauener Vorstadt district of Potsdam .

history

Since there is no building file for the villa, the builder and construction time cannot be reliably documented. The comparison with the “originally identical facade” of the house mason Heinrich Zech (1826 – around 1899) “between 1872 and 1875 built house at Bert [h] a-von-Suttner-Straße 3 makes it“ probable ”according to Ulrike Bröcker The Villa Große Weinmeisterstraße 17 "was also built by Zech at about the same time." In the Potsdam address book for 1877, the properties at Große Weinmeisterstraße 14 to 20 are still listed as construction sites and in 1878, master baker B. Kaldewey was the first owner to live in the house. At the south-east corner of the property there was a single-storey coach house , which was extended to two storeys in the 1920s .

Master baker Kaldewey probably sold the property again right away, because in the address book for 1879 the next owner, Wilhelm Schmedsdorf (residing at Am Canal 14), who did not live in the house, was the subsequent owner and kept it until 1910 or 1911. The residents of the house he rented included the general of the infantry z. D. Gustav von Pritzelwitz and the general of the cavalry z. D. George of Albedyll . According to the address book for 1912, the property went to the widow Pauline Schmedsdorf. She sold it to the senior councilor Stephan von Gröning , who had lived in the house as a tenant since 1908 and who was entered in the address book for 1917 as the owner.

The property was acquired by the Evangelical Church Aid Association (EKH), which was initially located in the neighboring semi-detached house Mirbachstrasse 2/3 and from 1918 in the house at Mirbachstrasse 1, later Leistikowstrasse. The EKH rented the house and the coach house at Grosse Weinmeisterstraße 17 from 1917 to 1932 to Brandenburgische Frauenhilfe and, after they moved out, to various tenants for residential use.

Immediately after the Potsdam Conference in the nearby Cecilienhof Palace , the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) confiscated the area between Pfingstberg and the New Garden in August 1945 . All residents had to leave their homes. On the 16 hectare, hermetically sealed area, the German headquarters of the military counterintelligence of the Soviet secret service ( MGB ), from 1954 KGB , was set up, the so-called “Military Town No. 7”. The house at Große Weinmeisterstraße 17 served as accommodation for the guards of the neighboring house at Leistikowstraße 1, which was converted into a remand prison . The houses in Große Weinmeisterstraße 17, Leistikowstraße 1, which belong to the prison complex, and the house in Leistikowstraße 2/3, which is presumably used by the investigation department, were " secured by additional walls and an approximately three-meter-high wooden fence typical of the prison camps of the Soviet GULag [...]."

After the turnaround and the withdrawal of the secret service units and the Russian army in 1994, the Federal Property Office carried out inventory examinations on a total of around 110 seized houses and properties. "By the end of February 1995, the largest part [...] could be transferred back to the previous owners", so also the Villa Große Weinmeisterstraße 17 to the Evangelical Church Aid Association.

architecture

The six-axis plastered building is single-storey on a high base with a gable roof . The building emphasizes a one-and-a-half-storey central risalit with a baroque volute gable , "which was probably originally completed by a Lippe rose ." A terrace with a balustrade is in front of the risalit . The stringer staircase leading to the front garden did not originally exist and was added later. The corners of the building, as well as the corners of the risalit, are square , the base zone banded . The windows adorn differently designed roofs . The French doors in the risalit are crowned by a blown gable , the coupled windows in the top floor area are adorned with semicircular roofs and the tall rectangular windows in the reserve have triangular gables . Consoles between the jamb windows support the cornice . A double flight of stairs is in front of the entrance area on the south side.

literature

  • Ulrike Bröcker: The Potsdam suburbs 1861-1900. From the tower villa to the apartment building. 2nd Edition. Wernersche, Worms 2005, ISBN 3-88462-208-0 .
  • Elke Fein et al .: From Potsdam to Vorkuta. The NKGB / MGB / KGB prison Potsdam-Neuer Garten reflected in the memory of German and Russian prisoners . Ed .: Brandenburg State Center for Civic Education et al., Tastomat, Potsdam 2002, ISBN 3-932502-19-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Bröcker, p. 261.
  2. ^ Memorial and meeting place Leistikowstraße Potsdam: Große Weinmeisterstraße 17 . Retrieved February 26, 2018.
  3. ↑ The Soviets officially designated the restricted area as "Military Town No. 7" (Wojennyj gorodok № 7), cf. Elke Fein: From Potsdam to Vorkuta . 2002, p. 36.
  4. ↑ Grosse Weinmeisterstraße was renamed “Uliza Zentralnaja” (main street) during the occupation of the residential area.
  5. ↑ Mirbachstrasse or Leistikowstrasse was renamed “Uliza Sportiwnaja” (Street of Sports) during the occupation.
  6. ^ Elke Fein: From Potsdam to Vorkuta . 2002, pp. 38-40.
  7. ^ Elke Fein: From Potsdam to Vorkuta . 2002, p. 44.

Coordinates: 52 ° 24 '57.3 "  N , 13 ° 3' 50.9"  E