Violet-brown milkling
| Violet-brown milkling | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius brunneoviolaceus | ||||||||||||
| MP Christ. |
The violet-brown Milchling ( Lactarius brunneoviolaceus , Syn. : L. robertianus ) is a mushroom art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). It is a small to fairly small, lavender to violet discoloration, with a more or less wine-brownish and mostly unzoned hat. Its lamellae are whitish to pale cream in color, its white, predominantly mild milk turns purple after a few minutes. The inedible Milchling grows in arctic or alpine regions near dwarf willows.
features
Macroscopic features
The 2–4.5 cm wide hat is flat arched when young, later spread out flat and more or less depressed with age. The smooth brim of the hat, which is shaggy and hairy at least when young, is long curved and the middle of the hat often has a small, pointed hump. The smooth surface is matt when dry, shiny and greasy when wet. The hat is gray to reddish brown in color, often tinted more or less purple and not or only indicated concentrically zoned, but often spotted.
The medium- wide , rather crowded lamellae are attached to the stem or run down slightly. They are whitish when young and later pale cream-colored and turn greyish-purple in color on pressure or injury, sometimes they are forked. The spore powder is pale cream in color.
The 1–3.5 cm long and 0.4–1.6 cm wide, cylindrical to somewhat club-shaped stem is initially full and later narrowly hollowed out. The surface is matt, dry and slightly shaggy, especially towards the tip. The stalk bark is whitish to pale cream or greyish in color and turns reddish-purple to greyish-purple at pressure points.
The firm white flesh turns pale purple to purple in color when cut, especially in the stem. The smell is fruity or smells similar to cedar oil, the taste is predominantly mild. The rather sparse, watery white milk tastes like cedar oil. It is more or less mild at first, but becomes sharp after a while and turns purple in color after a few minutes.
Microscopic features
The broadly elliptical spores are on average 9.8–10.6 µm long and 7.7–8.0 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.4. The spore ornament is 0.5 (1) µm high and consists of ribs and lines of different widths, which are connected to form an incomplete network. The ribs are usually wider and higher at branch points. There are also a few, small and isolated warts. The hilarity is often strongly amyloid in the outer area .
The fairly cylindrical to spindle-shaped pleuromacrocystids measuring 40–80 µm × 8–10 µm are quite rare and only a little more common towards the lamellar edges. At their upper end they often have a small pointed tip (mucronat). The lamellar cutting edge is sterile and bears 15–32 µm long and 5–8 µm wide, cylindrical, club-shaped or almost spindle-shaped paracystidia . There are also spindle-shaped to lanceolate and quite numerous cheilomacrocystids that are 25–55 (85) µm long and 6–10 µm wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 70–110 µm thick ixocutis or an ixotrichoderm and consists of more or less ascending, 2–5 µm wide hyphae with partially clubbed ends. Beneath this are hyphae 3–7 µm thick, more or less parallel.
Species delimitation
In alpine locations near dwarf willows, the false violet milkling , which also has a purple discoloring milk, also grows . It differs in its ocher to gray-brown, sometimes slightly olive-tinted hat, as well as its light cream-yellowish and later light ocher-colored lamellae. The purple-brown Milchling has significantly paler lamellae that do not turn ocher-brown even with age. In addition, the spores in the violet brown are usually larger and often more elongated and the spore ornament is also different.
Ecology and diffusion
The European milkling species is common in arctic and alpine regions. The Milchling was found in the Alps, Fennoscandinavia, Svalbard, the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland.
The Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus from various dwarf willows such as Salix herbacea , Salix retusa and Salix reticulata . Mostly in August, the solitary to gregarious, sometimes even slightly tufted fruiting bodies appear in alpine or arctic dwarf shrub heaths.
Systematics
In his work Agaricales de la zone alpine , Robert Kühner described some unusual collections of Lactarius uvidus in 1975 , which were once much smaller and also differed in their habitat. Bon, who also dealt with the mushroom world of the Alpine region in his book Quelques nouveaux taxons de la flore Mycologique alpine from 1985, came to the conclusion that Lactarius uvidus must be an independent species in the sense of Kühner, and described it that same year, just a few months later, as Lactarius robertianus . M. Verbeken , co-author of Heilmann-Clausens The Genus Lactarius , subjected Bons Lactarius robertianus to a thorough investigation and came to the conclusion that the species was identical to Lactarius brunneoviolaceus , which MP Christiansen had already collected in 1935 at Skútustaðir in Iceland and validly described in 1941 . If the two taxa are really of the same species, which is currently not in doubt, the older name naturally takes precedence. Also Lactarius pseudouvidus within the meaning of Petersen et al. (1994) is considered synonymous.
Inquiry systematics
The Milchling is placed in the Uvidini subsection by Bon, Basso and Heilmann-Clausen , which in turn is assigned to the Uvidi section . The representatives of the subsection have a white milk that turns purple or purple in color. Their hats are wine-reddish, gray or brownish in color and more or less sticky to slimy. The brim of the hat is sometimes hairy.
meaning
The Milchling is considered inedible.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius brunneoviolaceus. MP Christ., Botany of Iceland 3: 218 (1941). In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved November 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 90-91 (English).
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 52.
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed January 5, 2013 .
- ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 , 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37-59 (Museum Tusculanum Press, page 56).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius brunneoviolaceus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 1, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved January 5, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b c Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 188, 203-208 (Italian).
- ↑ a b Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 23-28 (English).
Web links
- Lactarius brunneoviolaceus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved April 29, 2016 (English, photos and original Latin description).