Wrong violet milkling
| Wrong violet milkling | ||||||||||||
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| Lactarius pseudouvidus | ||||||||||||
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The Wrong violet Milchling ( Lactarius pseudouvidus ) is a fungal art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). The little Milchling is very similar to the sticky violet Milchling ( Lactarius uvidus ). His hat is grayish-brown in color and his lamellas are pale cream to ocher in color. The flesh turns pale purple in color when cut or when injured. The Milchling grows near pastures in arctic or alpine areas, the fruiting bodies appear in August and early September.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 1.5–4.5 cm wide, arched when young and with a curved edge, later flattened and depressed in the middle. The middle of the hat sometimes has a small, papilla-like hump and the edge is sometimes slightly notched. The surface is smooth and matt, young and also smeary and shiny in damp weather. The hat is unzoned or indistinctly zoned, colored gray-brown to reddish-brown and often tinted olive. Often it is also covered with scattered darker spots. The edge zone is usually lighter in color than the hat disc, the middle of the hat is darkest.
The medium-wide to fairly wide lamellae are attached to the stem or run down slightly. They are quite distant and are pale cream when young and later yellow-ocher. They turn pale purple in places where they are pressed or injured. The lamellas are often mixed in, but never forked.
The cylindrical to more or less club-like stem is 2.5–3.5 cm long and 0.3–0.8 cm wide. The surface is smooth or finely frosted when young, dry it is whitish to cream-colored or pale pink-brown in color.
The brittle flesh is quite thin, whitish and turns pale purple in color after 10–15 minutes when cut. It only smells slightly fruity and tastes mild at first, but becomes bitter after a while. The watery white milk is very sparse and also slowly turns purple. The spore powder is pale cream in color.
Microscopic features
The elliptical spores are on average 8.9–9.6 µm long and 7.0–7.6 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.2–1.4. The spore ornament is no higher than 0.3 µm (in Basso up to over 1 µm high) and consists of a few warts and quite wide and regular ribs, some of which are connected like a network. There are some isolated warts and amyloid spots. The hillock is inamyloid .
The 4-spore and rather club-like basidia are 41–60 µm long and 10–12 µm wide. The pleuromacrocystids are quite common and sometimes protrude far. They are cylindrical to rather spindle-shaped, narrowed towards the upper, rounded end and measure 60–90 × 8–10 µm. The lamellar edges are sterile and have a few cheilomacrocystids , these measure 40–55 × 6–8 µm. They are more or less cylindrical and relatively thick-walled towards the tip. The slightly clubbed Paracystidae are 15–25 µm long and 8–9 µm wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 40–70 µm thick ixotrichoderm and consists of 2–4 µm wide, irregular, densely intertwined and mostly ascending hyphae that are embedded in a gelatinized layer. The end cells are rounded and sometimes have a slightly swollen head. Especially the hyphae in the subcutis contain intracellular patch-like accumulations of a yellowish-gray <?> , Granular pigment.
Species delimitation
The violet-brown milkling ( L. brunneoviolaceus ) is also an alpine milkling that is associated with dwarf willows and has a flesh that turns purple. But it has a darker, wine-brown hat and lighter, whitish lamellas that do not turn so ocher yellow. In addition, its spore powder is lighter and its spores are larger and also more elongated.
The false violet milkling can be recognized microscopically by means of its very dense spore ornamentation. The trichodermal hat skin is also noticeably thin and consists of mostly ascending hyphae that are tightly interwoven.
Ecology and diffusion
The Milchling is found in Fennoscandinavia , the Alps, Svalbard , the Faroe Islands , the Orkney Islands , Iceland and Greenland and is quite common in suitable locations. According to Kränzlin, the Milchling is not common in Switzerland.
As a mycorrhizal fungus, the Milchling is associated with various dwarf willow species ( Salix spp.) That grow in the arctic or alpine zone. It usually occurs on relatively moist, acidic soils in moors or snow valleys. The fruiting bodies appear in August and early September.
Systematics
The Milchling was described in 1975 by Robert Kühner in his work Agaricales de la zone alpine , together with a few other alpine or arctic species.
The species attribute ( epithet ) pseudouvidus refers to the similarity of the Milchling with Lactarius uvidus , the sticky violet Milchling .
Inquiry systematics
The Milchling is placed in the Uvidini subsection by Bon, Basso and Heilmann-Clausen , which in turn is in the Uvidi section. The representatives of the subsection have a white milk that turns purple or purple in color. Their hats are colored wine-red, gray or brownish and more or less sticky to slimy. The brim of the hat is sometimes hairy.
meaning
The Milchling is considered inedible.
swell
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 88-89 .
- ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 88.
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed November 4, 2012 .
- ^ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne and Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann and Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37-59 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius pseudouvidus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
- ↑ Grid map of Lactarius pseudouvidus. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 4, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved November 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 188, 199-203 (Italian).
- ↑ a b Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
Web links
- Lactarius pseudouvidus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved November 2, 2012 (English, nomenclature and original Latin description).
- Lactarius pseudouvidus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on November 2, 2012 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Falschen Violett-Milchling).