Roller screws
| Roller screws | ||||||||||||
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| Volutidae | ||||||||||||
| Rafinesque , 1815 |
The roller snails (Volutidae) are a species-rich family of exclusively marine and comparatively very large snails (up to 50 cm). About 250 species are described.
features
The shape of the housing varies from almost round with a large opening to highly conical with a long, slit-shaped opening. The adult size is 1.5 cm to approx. 50 cm. Often there are three to four spindle folds, but these can be reduced in the end turn. The casings are mostly little ornamented, but often porcelain-like with complicated color patterns, which vary greatly within the species. The foot is z. T. extremely large. An operculum is absent in most species, but is developed in the three species of the West Atlantic genus Voluta . The rasp tongues are relatively short and have 1 or 3 elements per transverse row. The eggs are attached to hard substrates in large egg capsules. The eggs contain large amounts of protein-rich egg white. The Veliger stage is therefore passed through in the egg shell and metamorphosis takes place before hatching. Some species have also seen feeding on eggs.
Way of life
The roller snails can be found in all seas of the world. However, the focus of diversity is clearly in the warmer seas. The vertical distribution has a focus in the shallower water, but some species have penetrated to a depth of 4100 m. Roller snails occur almost exclusively on sandy and muddy soft soils. They usually live buried there and lurk for prey , which mostly consists of other molluscs , mainly even other snails , which are overwhelmed with the help of their large and muscular feet. But carrion (e.g. dead fish) is also accepted.
Some types
The three species of the genus Voluta live in warm Atlantic waters of South America and the Caribbean , namely the Hebrew roller ( Voluta ebraea ) on the coast of Brazil , the note snail or note roller ( Voluta musica ) on the coasts of Colombia , Venezuela , Suriname and the Antilles as well Voluta virescens on the coast of Costa Rica , Panama and Colombia. Most of the species of slugs are native to the Indo-Pacific . There are several species of the genus Melo , including the melon snail ( Melo melo ) and Melo amphora ( Melo amphora ) connected to about 50 cm body length is one of the largest snails, as well as numerous types of Cymbiola , among others, the bat roller ( Cymbiola vespertilio ) and the Australian species Cymbiola magnifica .
Systematics
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According to Bail & Poppe (2001), the family can be subdivided as follows:
- Subfamily Athletinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Genus Athleta Conrad, 1853
- Subfamily Volutinae Rafinesque, 1815
- Subfamily Calliotectinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Genus Fusivoluta E. von Martens, 1902
- Genus Calliotectum Dall, 1890
- Genus Neptuneopsis Sowerby III, 1898
- Subfamily Scaphellinae Gray, 1857
- Genus Ampulla Röding, 1798
- Genus Scaphella Swainson, 1832
- Genus Volutifusus Conrad, 1863
- Subfamily Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Genus Fulgoraria Schumacher, 1817
- Genus Tenebrincola Harasewych & Kantor, 1991
- Subfamily Zidoninae H. & A. Adams, 1853
- Tribus Adelomelonini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Genus Adelomelon Dall, 1906
- Genus Nanomelon Leal & Bouchet, 1989
- Genus Arctomelon Dall, 1915
- Tribus Adontocymbiolini Clench & Turner, 1964
- Genus Odontocymbiola Clench & Turner, 1964
- Genus Minicymbiola Klappenbach, 1979
- Genus Miomelon Dall, 1907
- Genus Tractolira Dall, 1896
- Tribus Zidonini H. & A. Adams, 1853
- Genus Zidona H. & A. Adams, 1853
- Genus Provocator Watson, 1882
- Genus Harpovoluta Thiele, 1912
- Tribus Cymbiini H. & A. Adams, 1853
- Genus Cymbium Röding, 1798
- Tribus Livoniini Bail & Poppe, 2001
- Genus Ericusa H. & A. Adams, 1858
- Genus Livonia Gray, 1855
- Genus Notopeplum Finlay, 1927
- Tribus Alcithoini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Tribus Adelomelonini Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Subfamily Amoriinae Gray, 1857
- Tribe Amoriini Gray, 1857
- Genus Amoria Gray, 1855
- Genus Paramoria McMichael, 1960
- Genus Nannamoria Iredale, 1929
- Tribus Notovolutini Bail & Poppe, 2001
- Genus Notovoluta Cotton, 1946
- Genus Volutoconus Crosse, 1871
- Meloini tribe
- Tribe Amoriini Gray, 1857
- Subfamily Plicolivinae Bouchet, 1989
- Genus Plicoliva Petuch, 1979
Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) present a slightly different system and divide the Volutides into the following eight subfamilies:
- Volutinae Rafinesque, 1815
- Amorinae Gray, 1857
- Athletinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Calliotectinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954
- Plicolivinae Bouchet, 1990
- Priamidae Sismonda, 1842
- Yetiinae Gray, 1847
literature
- Patricia Bail, Mitsuo Chino & Yves Terryn: The Family Volutidae. The endemic Far East Asian subfamily Fulgorariinae Pilsbry & Olsson, 1954. A revision of the recent species . In: Guido T. Poppe & Klaus Groh: A Conchological Iconography . 74 pp., 64 plts. ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-939767-31-2 .
- Patricia Bail, Allan Limpus & Guido T. Poppe: The Genus Amoria. In: Guido T. Poppe & Klaus Groh: A Conchological Iconography . 50 pp., 93 plts. ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2001, ISBN 3-925919-46-5 .
- Patricia Bail & Guido T. Poppe: A taxonomic introduction to the recent Volutidae . In: Guido T. Poppe & Klaus Groh: A Conchological Iconography . 30 pp., 5 plts. ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2001, ISBN 3-925919-47-3 .
- Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda . Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor 2005, ISSN 0076-2997 .
- Victor Millard: Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca . Rhine Road, South Africa 1997, ISBN 0-620-21261-6 .
- Frank Riedel: Origin and evolution of the "higher" Caenogastropoda . Berliner Geoscientific Abhandlungen, Series E, Volume 32: 240 S., Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89582-077-6 .
