Preschool education program

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As pre-school education program will be broadcasting referred representing an age-appropriate entertainment for preschoolers, while simultaneously contributing to their education or training. The aim of such productions can be very different. The spectrum ranges from language training and initial political education to teaching values ​​such as tolerance.

In Germany, in the 1960s, television programs for children were still very controversial and largely negative, and this was the case until the end of the 1960s - largely influenced by the recommendations of several studies (1958–1966) made by the expert committee of the ARD's permanent program conference Pedagogues Horst Wetterling have been active since 1956 and a study by the pedagogues Fritz Stückrath and Georg Schottmayer from 1967, which feared "a lasting disruption of family privacy and impairment, if not retardation, of the psycho-cognitive development of children" - the recommendation, children up to the age of at least eight to nine years should not watch television at all.

Thereupon, in June 1960, the principles already formulated were reaffirmed as “recommendations for an afternoon program with special consideration of children's and youth programs” and tightened several times in the 1960s. Until the turn of the year 1969 and the start of the (for the time) very courageous production of the educational children's television series Spielschule des BR , which was still very controversial among experts and the majority of the population when it was first broadcast, "should [t] en children by At least eight years of age, if possible, no programs [should] be broadcast for them, regardless of the growing knowledge of children's viewing habits. ” Accordingly, German television companies had great reservations about television productions for children under six years of age until the federal working group “Aktion Jugendschutz” on February 10, 1969, devoted itself to the topic of “television for children under six years of age” and “encouraged television companies to produce qualified and short programs for younger children too” .

Ironically, the otherwise rather conservative Bavarian Broadcasting Company began in 1967, under the direction of Harald Hohenacker, with the conception and production of a series of preschool children’s series: Spielschule (1st pilot episode: October 1967), which went on air regularly from September 27, 1969 and was the "first [s] Example of federal German children's television with primarily educational intentions is “ . Only after the recommendation of the federal working group “Aktion Jugendschutz” and the external impetus from the great success of Sesame Street in the USA did a broader rethink in the ARD's permanent program conference and the various broadcasters of ARD and ZDF began to develop concepts for an educational approach To develop children's television programs for children under eight years of age.

Well-known examples of German pre-school education programs are the educational children's television series for children from preschool age which are regularly broadcast on various public television channels: Spielschule (from 1969), Die Sendung mit der Maus (since 1971), Das feuerrote Spielmobil (1972–1981), Rappelkiste (1973–1984), Sesamstrasse (since 1973), Kli-Kla-Klawitter (1974–1976) and Löwenzahn (since 1981).

Even if the term pre-school education program tempts you to do so, pre-school children should not be left alone with the television set because they do not yet have sufficient media skills. For this reason, the switched-on television set is not a suitable substitute for babysitting, even if children are distracted and sedated by television programs for a while.

See also

Reading list

  • Sandra Caviola: Preschool Children and Violence in the Children's Program. A qualitative study of the reception of violent television content by preschool children . Lit, Münster u. a. 2000, ISBN 3-8258-5225-3 (= current media and communication research . No. 14).
  • Christian Grüninger, Frank Lindemann: Preschoolers and the media. A study of media consumption by three to six-year-old children with a special focus on television . Leske and Budrich, Opladen 2000, ISBN 3-8100-2621-2 (= series of publications by the Society for Media Education and Communication Culture in the Federal Republic of Germany, No. 12).
  • Erentraud Hömberg (arrangement): Preschool children and television. Empirical research in 3 countries . Verlag Documentation Saur, Munich and New York 1978, ISBN 3-7940-7049-6 .
  • Peter Wilhelm, Michael Myrtek, Georg Brügner: Preschoolers in front of the television. A psychophysiological field experiment . Huber, Bern a. a. 1997, ISBN 3-456-82855-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Michael Schmidbauer: The history of children's television in the Federal Republic of Germany. Documentation (International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television, Munich. Series of publications. 21). Walter De Gruyter · Saur-Verlag, Munich 1987. ISBN 3-598-20761-1 .
  2. Michael Schmidbauer, Paul Löhr: Children's television in the Federal Republic of Germany: a documentation of research results 1959–1988 (series of publications Internationales Zentralinstitut für das Jugend - und Bildungsfernsehen, Volume 22). Walter De Gruyter · Saur-Verlag, 1988, ISBN 3-598-20762-X .
  3. a b c d e Sandra Caviola: Preschoolers and violence in the children's program. A qualitative study of the reception of violent television content by preschool children. LIT Verlag, Münster, Berlin, Leipzig, Vienna, Hamburg, London, Zurich, New York 2001, ISBN 3-8258-5225-3 , p. 58: »Television suddenly became an instrument, triggered by success reports from abroad Early support was discovered and the “scapegoat” became an “educational emergency helper” ... In 1969, the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation introduced the “Spielschule” [from which the second preschool program “Das feuerrote Spielmobil” was later developed and went on air from 1972 onwards), the WDR a year later, the "Lach- und Sachgeschichten" [which later resulted in "Die Sendung mit der Maus"]. ... Overall, children's television experienced an enormous boom in the 1970s, so that in this context people often speak of the heyday of this genre. "
  4. a b Bernd Schorb: Educational television. In: History of television in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 3, information broadcasts and documentary broadcasts. (Ed .: Peter Ludes, Heidemarie Schumacher, Peter Zimmermann), Verlag Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-7705-2802-6 , pp. 203-212.
  5. ^ A b Hans-Dieter Kübler: Television for preschool children. Claim, reality, processing. Published in the collective work: Children and young people in the field of tension of the mass media. Martin Furian (Ed.), Bonz-Verlag, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-87089-145-9 , pages 56-77.
  6. ^ Wolfgang Geisler, Peter E. Kalb: TV preschool (anthology). Beltz Verlag, Weinheim 1975, ISBN 3-407-83009-2 .
  7. a b Dirk Ulf Stötzel: The magazine "Die Sendung mit der Maus": Analysis of an editorial and program concept . O. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 978-3-447-02991-9 .
  8. ^ Bernd Schorb: Educational television. In: History of television in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 3, information broadcasts and documentary broadcasts. (Ed .: Peter Ludes, Heidemarie Schumacher, Peter Zimmermann), Verlag Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-7705-2802-6 , pp. 203-212.
  9. ^ Dieter Schäfer: The development of the game show in children's television of the Bavarian broadcasting company . Diplomica, 1997, ISBN 978-3-8324-0167-2 .
  10. Melchior Schedler: Children's television differently. Drafts for an emancipatory television. DuMont Verlag, 1975, ISBN 3-7701-0777-2 .
  11. a b Hans Dieter Stötzel, Dirk Ulf Erlinger: History of children's television in the Federal Republic of Germany. Development processes and trends. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Spiess, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-89166-123-1 .
  12. a b Hans-Dieter Kübler: From the television kindergarten to the multimedia children's portal. 50 years of children's television in the Federal Republic of Germany. TELEVIZION. Edition 14/2001/2, International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television IZI . (Archive) .
  13. Preschool TV: It rattelt in the box ( Memento from September 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Der Spiegel from October 1, 1973. (PDF, 2 pp., 333kB, archive) .
  14. Elke Schlote: Educational television historical (1.3 MB). International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) , Munich, accessed on September 1, 2017 (archive) . “The preschool formats Die Spielschule (1969) and Das feuerrote Spielmobil (1972–1981) were based on a narrative concept in a 30-minute format that wanted to document the real world and managed without studio parts. A situation should be experienced in a calm narrative flow. The fiery red playmobile wanted to be a permanent experiment in »critical experience«. The camera follows the fiery red car that drives around and films. It was like a liberation against the previous children's programs: without a fixed location, “outside”, “no ghetto with a closed doll or human society” ”(p. 17).
  15. Bayerischer Rundfunk - winter program 1970/71. Published by Bayerischer Rundfunk, Munich (PDF, 129 pages, 3.6 MB): » Spielschule I: In autumn 1969, the course program broadcast seven programs from the pedagogically designed series for preschool children and their parents as experiments. In cooperation with kindergarten teachers, educators, psychologists and media scientists from all over Germany, the first programs have been critically reviewed and expanded to a total of 13. Together with Joschi, Pingeline and Krautkopf, the children experience the phenomena of the world around us in a poetic and realistic way. Through the combination with the parents ' information on the »play school« , which the course program offers two days in advance in the evening, the parents are given tips and help on how they can watch the programs with the children and what they should learn from them. This enables the program to have a broad educational impact. … Spielschule - Parents' information on the series: As several thousand letters from parents to the »Spielschule« , the first experimental series for preschool children in the Federal Republic, show, many parents are willing to work actively on raising their children. The series, developed in parallel to the “Spielschule” , consists of 13 programs of 15 minutes each; Using examples of authentically documented play processes for 3 to 6-year-olds, it explains the methodological-didactic aspects according to which the »play school« was designed. It shows how children deal with their environment in their play work, what aids we can offer the children and what practical play tasks can be used to evaluate the "play school" . The problems of a child's mental development are outlined as well as the tasks. "