Water-rimmed fringed milkling
| Water-rimmed fringed milkling | ||||||||||||
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| Lactarius aquizonatus | ||||||||||||
| Kytov. |
The watery-zoned milkling or Gezonte fringed milkling ( Lactarius aquizonatus ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium to large milkling with a white milk that quickly turns sulfur yellow and a whitish hat that is zoned with water stains on the edge and the hem of the hat with sticky shaggy hair. The milkling, which is rare in Central Europe, grows on dry to wet soils near birch, pine and spruce trees. The fruiting bodies appear from July to September.
features
Macroscopic features
The rather large hat is 6–18 cm, sometimes even more than 20 cm wide and initially bifurcated, then slightly depressed and later deepened in a funnel shape. The depression in the middle often merges into the handle cavity. The firm and fleshy hat is more regularly shaped when young and later wavy and bent. The edge is initially strongly curled, then curved to almost straight. It is covered with sticky or protruding, gelatinized and up to 4-5 mm long hair, which are often glued together in tufts. The hat gradually sheds with age. The "watery" zoning that is so typical for the species can already be seen in young fruit bodies, which in ripe fruit bodies extends over almost the entire outer half of the cap. The zoning looks as if narrow, concentric bands were painted with water. Only the hat disc remains unzoned. When you stroke over it, the zoning can be felt as a kind of channel. The hat skin is covered by a very thick, barely sticky "layer of mucus", which acts like an irregular, not smooth gelatin layer that covers the entire hat except for the central disc. The hat color is whitish, in the middle whitish-yellow and only slightly darker towards the edge. Sometimes the hat is spotted in ocher yellow, especially in the middle.
The soft, mostly dense lamellae initially run down the handle. They are 4–6 mm high, straight, narrowed at the ends and mixed with rounded intermediate lamellae. Sometimes the lamellae are slightly forked near the handle. They are initially pale cream in color, then cream-pink to cream-brown and have a salmon-colored reflex. They are paler in youth, darker in old age and finally red-ocher to yellow-ocher-blotchy, on injuries they also turn ocher-brown. The spore powder is pale cream in color.
The sturdy 3–5.5 (8) cm long and 2–4.5 (5) cm wide stem looks short in relation to the diameter of the hat. It is whitish to cream-colored or yellow-ocher or almost the same color as the hat. At the top you can often see a distinctly contrasting collar that is colored like the lamellas. The stem is firm, very soon hollow and more or less cylindrical. It is often narrowed towards the base. The surface is smooth, uneven, or rough. At the base of the stem it has more or less irregular, honey-colored to yellow-brown spots or pits.
The usually quite firm, white or whitish flesh is thick in the hat. In the cut it turns lemon yellow in the stem bark and below the cap skin. It tastes slightly hot to hot and smells slightly sour to fruity tart. The white, rather sparingly flowing milk quickly turns sulfur yellow on contact with the air. It tastes bitter and hot after a while.
Microscopic features
The ellipsoidal to elongated spores are on average 6.9–7.6 µm long and 4.8–5.2 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.3–1.6. The spore ornament becomes 0.5-0.7 µm high and consists of ridges and warts that are connected to form an almost complete network. Isolated warts can be scattered or numerous, the hillock is inamyloid .
The cylindrical to slightly clubbed, 4-spore basidia are 35–45 µm long and 7–10 µm wide. The spindle- to lanceolate 40–75 (90) µm long and 7–9 µm wide pleuromacrocystidia are scattered or rare and protrude 0–50 µm over the surrounding basidia. The lamellar edge is sterile and covered with mostly clubbed, sometimes irregularly cylindrical and often septate paracystidia that are 12–45 µm long and 5–7 µm wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 150–200 µm thick ixocutis made of very closely interwoven, 3–6 µm wide hyphae .
Species delimitation
Even in the field, the watery-zoned fringed milkling can easily be distinguished from the other pale-capped representatives of the Scrobiculatus group by the watery-zoned hat and the rather long, sticky hair on the edge of the hat. The eyelash milkling ( L. resimus ) only has a downy brim and the fringed milkling ( L. citriolens ) has dry hair on the edge. Due to its narrow spores, it also differs from all other representatives of the Scrobiculatus group.
Ecology and diffusion
The water-zoned fringed milkling occurs on dry, moist or wet, lime-rich soils in deciduous and coniferous forests. Its most common mycorrhizal partner is the birch, but pine, willow and poplar can also serve as hosts. The fruiting bodies appear from August to October.
The Milchling is relatively common in Fennoscandinavia and Estonia, but rare in the rest of Europe. The Milchling seems to be missing in Great Britain, only from England there is uncertain evidence. The clan is taxonomically between this species and L. resimus .
The species is very rare in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Systematics
The water-zoned fringed milkling ( L. aquizonatus ) was first described by Ilkka Kytövuori in 1984. The holotype of the species was collected in 1981 near Puolanka (Finland) in a coniferous forest (spruce, pine, juniper) over slate rock. M. Basso places the Milchling in the Scrobiculati subsection , which is below the Piperites section. The representatives of the subsection have a more or less greasy hat, the edge of which is more or less hairy. The hot and initially white milk turns yellow after a while.
meaning
The Milchling is regarded as inedible, at least in Central Europe.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. tape 2 : The genus Lactarius , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 118-119 (English).
- ^ A b c Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . tape 7 : Fungi Europaei , 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , p. 48-63, 412-17 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c Lactarius aquizonatus. In: mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007 ; Retrieved November 9, 2016 .
- ↑ Lactarius aquizonatus. Pilzoek database, accessed July 29, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius aquizonatus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved July 29, 2012 .
- ^ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al.: Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. tape 2 : The genus Lactarius , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-73 (English).
- ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter: Lactarius aquizonatus. (No longer available online.) In: artportalen.se. Archived from the original on August 15, 2012 ; Retrieved July 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Kuulo Kalamees: Checklist of the species of the genus Lactarius (Phallomycetidae, Agaricomycetes) in Estonia . In: Folia Cryptogamica Estonica . tape 44 , 2008, p. 63-74 ( ut.ee [PDF; 616 kB ]). ut.ee ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Lactarius aquizonatus. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved July 29, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved July 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed on July 29, 2012 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius aquizonatus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius aquizonatus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007 ; accessed on November 9, 2016 (English, photos and brief description).