Forest ball-grass

Forest ball-grass
	Forest ball-grass ( Dactylis polygama )
Systematics
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily :	Pooideae
Genre :	Ball grass ( Dactylis )
Type :	Forest ball-grass
Scientific name
	Dactylis polygama
	Horv.

The forest-orchard grass ( Dactylis polygama Horv. , Syn. : Dactylis glomerata . Subsp lobata . (Drejer) H.Lindb ) is a plant type from the type of the ball grass ( Dactylis ) in the family of grasses (Poaceae).

Habit with bent leaves.

Spikelets seen from 8 directions.

Fanned-out spikelet with glumes (Glu) and three flowers enveloped in lemmas (Lem).

description

The forest ball of grass is a strong, perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of up to 100 centimeters. It is light green to yellowish green in color and grows in clumps. Its mostly overhanging leaves are 3 to 7 mm wide and soft.

The panicle is 6 to 12 centimeters long, flabby and usually nodding and only spread out widely during flowering. The lower side branches are branched only in the uppermost part and are loosely covered with spikelets. The spikelets are three- to four-flowered. The two glumes are almost the same, they are keeled, glabrous, but ciliate on the median nerve. The lemma is glabrous and only on the middle nerve in the upper half short and finely ciliate; it is pointed or narrowly rounded and its middle nerve ends in a short awning tip. The anthers are 1.5 to 2 millimeters long.

The flowering period extends from June to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence

The forest ball grass is widespread in Europe from Belgium, eastern France, northern Switzerland and northern Italy to Denmark, Sweden and eastwards to Poland, Macedonia, Bulgaria and the Carpathians. It is a penumbra plant and occurs in deciduous forests, especially in the colline altitude range . It is growing particularly in the companies of the Carpinion Association.

Systematics

Dactylis polygama was 1774 Zsigmond Horvátovszky in Florae Tyrnaviensis indigenae pars prima , p.15 first published . Synonyms for Dactylis polygama Horv. are:

Dactylis aschersoniana Graebn.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. aschersoniana (Graebn.) Thell.
Dactylis glomerata subsp. polygama (Horv.) Domin.
Dactylis glomerata var. Lobata Drejer

The probably valid name for the subspecies of Dactylis glomerata is Dactylis glomerata subsp. lobata (Drejer) H. Lindb. see RJ Soreng: Dactylis , In: Catalog of New World Grasses (Poaceae): IV. Subfamily Pooideae , In: Contr. US Natl. Herb. , 48, 2003, pp. 242-244. But the taxonomy of the genus Dactylis is controversial. For many authors, Dactylis is a monotypic genus with the only species Dactylis glomerata and a few subspecies. For other authors, some minor types are listed.

swell

Hans Joachim Conert: Poaceae , In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa , Volume 1, Part 3, Blackwell Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 1994. ISBN 3-8263-3015-3 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 227 .
↑ Dactylis polygama at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ RJ Soreng, G. Davidse, PM Peterson, FO Zuloaga, EJ Judziewicz, TS Filgueiras & O. Morrone: Online taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalog of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. US Natl. Herb. , Volumes 39, 41, 46 and 48, In: Internet Cat. New World Grasses , 2003 and onwards. : Dactylis polygama is a synonym of Dactylis glomerata subsp. lobata (Drejer) H. Lindb ..

Web links

Forest ball-grass. In: FloraWeb.de.
Forest ball-grass . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Dactylis polygama Horv., Map for distribution in Switzerland In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Hultén
Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

[Oberdorfer2001-1] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 227 .

[tropicos-2] Dactylis polygama at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[3] RJ Soreng, G. Davidse, PM Peterson, FO Zuloaga, EJ Judziewicz, TS Filgueiras & O. Morrone: Online taxonomic novelties and updates, distributional additions and corrections, and editorial changes since the four published volumes of the Catalog of New World Grasses (Poaceae) published in Contr. US Natl. Herb. , Volumes 39, 41, 46 and 48, In: Internet Cat. New World Grasses , 2003 and onwards. : Dactylis polygama is a synonym of Dactylis glomerata subsp. lobata (Drejer) H. Lindb ..