Walworth Castle

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Walworth Castle

Walworth Castle is a manor house in the village of Walworth near Darlington in County Durham, England . The house, built around 1600 by architect Thomas Holt for Thomas Jenison in the style of a medieval castle, has been listed by English Heritage as a historical building of the first degree. It stands on the site of a previous mansion or castle from the 12th century owned by the Hansard family . The property passed through the hands of the Ayscough , Aylmer , Hansard and Jenison families . During the Second World War it became a prisoner of war camp and then a boarding school for girls. The house has been a hotel since 1981.

history

The Hansard and Ayscough families

The current mansion replaces a previous mansion or castle that the Hansard family had built around 1150. However, there is no evidence that the building was ever used for defensive purposes. The title of the castle fell into the hands of the House of Neville after the plague in 1349 , but was reclaimed by Robert Hansard in 1391. The castle then fell to Sir Richard Hansard in 1395 , his son Richard in 1454 , his grandson Richard in 1466 , Sir William Hansard in 1508, Sir William's short-lived son William in 1520 and his daughter Elizabeth Hansard (William's sister) in 1521 . In 1539 she married Sir Francis Ayscough and the castle passed into the hands of the Ayscough family. In 1563 the castle fell to the couple's son, William Ayscough , but in the absence of any other heirs the castle was sold.

The Jenison family

In about 1579 Thomas Jenison , Auditor General of Ireland , bought the manor of High Walworth from the Ayscough family. The manor included a mansion or a medieval castle on the estate. He had everything demolished with the exception of the medieval south-west tower and the current mansion built, the building materials of which can still be identified today as dating from the 16th century. Jenison's architect is said to have been Thomas Holt . In 1586 Jenison died and his widow Elizabeth (nee Birch ) inherited the manor house. While she had the manor house, King Jacob VI is said to have been there on May 14, 1603 . of Scotland on his voyage to his coronation as King of England. It is said that the king knighted her son-in-law, George Freville, as a reward for the lavish entertainment in the manor. In 1605 Elizabeth Jenison died and her son William Jenison inherited the mansion. It slowly fell into disrepair because he did not live there, because he was in debt and because he was imprisoned from 1610 to 1612 for his Catholic faith. The Jenisons were a strictly Catholic family. In 1679 Francis Jenison sold the property and emigrated to mainland Europe, possibly because in 1678 Thomas Jenison was charged with involvement in the papist conspiracy to murder King Charles II , arrested by Titus Oates and thrown in Newgate Prison . In 1681 the castle was separated from the rest of the property and given to Robert Jenison by the Court of Chancery . In 1697 the castle and estate were reunited and Ralph Jenison bought the entire estate for £ 6205. In 1689 the castle was searched for weapons over a suspected rebellion against Protestants William and Mary . Ralph Jenison inherited the castle in 1704 at the age of 10. He later had it renovated for a lot of money and then died heavily in debt, so that the castle had to be sold again.

The Stephenson, Harrison, Aylmer and Eade families

In 1759 the manor was sold to wine merchant Matthew Stephenson for £ 16,000 and then to Newcastle merchant John Harrison in 1775 . His daughter Ann married Arthur Aylmer , a British Army officer in the 68th Regiment of Foot who was later promoted to Lieutenant-General . This is how the property came into the Aylmer family . After the death of General Aylmer, who was buried in Heighington in 1831 , John Harrison Aylmer inherited the mansion. He had the roof repaired and the earlier statues of soldiers on the towers replaced with pillars with balls on them that looked like statues from a distance. In 1868, however, he, his wife and their eldest son fell victim to the railway accident at Abergele . His two younger sons, Vivian (12 years) and Edmund (9 years) then inherited the manor house. Vivian became High Sheriff of Durham and a trophy hunter who explored Somaliland and circled the Horn of Africa in 1885 . He died in 1931; he and his brother were buried in Caerleon . The mansion was then sold to the descendants of General Aylmer, Neville and Charles Eade . During the Second World War , still owned by the Eade brothers, the manor house served as a prisoner-of-war camp for 200 soldiers, including German and Italian officers, under the command of Major Rollin Holmes . In 1950 Durham County Council bought the house and set up a boarding school for girls.

As a hotel

In 1981 the council sold the mansion and John and Jennifer Wayne opened a hotel in it. In 2000 the owners were Anita and Peter Culley and it was sold again in the same year, together with the female parrot living there (incorrectly called "Albert"). The new owners, Rachel and Chris Swain , had the house renovated in 2000-2006. They had a glass roof installed over the courtyard. Anita Culley brought the parrot back in 2003 and it was replaced by another Blue-fronted Parrot named Barney that year.

description

Mansion

South facade of Walworth Castle

This Tudor-style "castle" from around 1600 is a mansion built from partially reclaimed limestone rubble and the roof is covered with Welsh slate . The west tower is older and has loopholes , narrow, clover-shaped and rounded windows. The main building faces south and has five bays and three floors. It is flanked by two four-story, round corner towers. To the north are an east and a west wing, so that they originally formed a square inner courtyard open to the north. At the beginning of the 19th century, a few more buildings were attached to the north side of this courtyard, so that the courtyard is now closed. By the beginning of the 21st century, the buildings were built with stained glass windows from the 17th century, which were then expanded and can now be seen in the Bowes Museum . In 2002 stone tiles of unknown date were found in the cellar of the castle. An interior renovation took place in 1740, so that you can find important equipment details from the mid-18th century inside, such as: B. Palladian stucco and details from the Rococo . In 1864 the main staircase was rebuilt and the west wing received a new facade. Today the entire building is listed as a historical building of the first degree.

Walworth Park

The Parkland south of Walworth Castle was originally trapped Fronhofland and there is still evidence of the presence of ridge and furrow patterns . This field system may be related to the lost settlement of Walworth at North Farm , but a possible enclosure in the park has been identified nearby. This means that in addition to the lost settlement at the castle at North Farm , there could have been another lost settlement, possibly later, or the same settlement may have been scattered or relocated. At the south end of the park there is evidence of a U-shaped earthwork that could be related to the possible enclosure.

estate

To the north of the mansion is a group of garden walls made of a mix of brick and stone blocks from the 19th century, stone-clad gate frames with pyramidal tips and a greenhouse, which are also listed as historic buildings. The glazed, wooden greenhouse has a higher, middle section and two lower wings. A medal that appears to belong to Thomas Jenison, the 16th century builder of the castle, was found during widening work on Newton Lane in 1937–1938. It was found under the north wall of the property, with a picture of a bridge and Thomas Jenison's name engraved on it. The Castle Lodge and its New Tudor style gate are listed as historic buildings because they imitate the medieval style with battlements to match the castle. The lodge and gate frame are both crenellated and the one-story, L-shaped building has corner turrets and quarry stone walls that have been clad with stone . Huts on the east side of the mansion have been identified as a possible location for the POW camp during World War II. The gardens north of the mansion including the greenhouse did not belong to the property owner and were used as kitchen gardens in 2003 . They were sold again in 2010 as a separate piece of land.

Walworth Castle today

In the past, the building was open to the public on National Heritage weekends. There are stories of ghosts in the mansion and the hotel took advantage of them on Halloween . The restaurant has received a lot of newspaper reviews and in 2002 it received three stars from the RAC and the AA (British automobile clubs). There were problems with local public transport restrictions to the manor. In 2001 the Walworth Castle Hotel became the 100th member of the Darlington and District Business Club . To celebrate Elizabeth II's golden jubilee in 2002, there was a children's carnival party for charity purposes in the manor house. There were also other charity events in the mansion, e.g. B. a "trunk sale" in 2002 or a Butterwick Children's Hospice event in 2003, where Viking looters were shown on the stage. In 2007 the castle was illuminated with pink lights on the evening of Valentine's Day . In 2008, the castle was on the route of the "Quaker Triathlon," which was organized as a charity event by the local Rotary Club . In 2009, Darlington Education Village (formerly Haughton School ) held their official ball at the castle. The building also serves as a polling station .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Best Western: The Castle . In: The history of Walworth Castle 1050-1508 . Best Western. 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Best Western: The Castle . In: The history of Walworth Castle 1508-1605 . Best Western. 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
3. ^ ^{A b} An Historical, Topographical and Descriptive View of the County of Durham . McKenzie and Ross, 1834. p. 171.
4. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth Castle; site of Medieval castle. (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Images of England . English Heritage.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Keys to the past . In: Walworth castle; Listed building (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
7. ↑ ^{a b} Keys to the past . In: Walworth, County Durham . DCC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
8. ↑ ^{a b} Best Western: The Castle . In: The history of Walworth Castle 1605–1759 . Best Western. 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
9. ↑ Sidney Lee (Editor): Dictionary of National Biography . 2001. p. 293.
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Best Western: The Castle . In: The history of Walworth Castle 1759 – present . Best Western. 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
11. ^ The London Gazette . July 24, 1810. Issue 16390. p. 1094. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
12. ^ The London Gazette . May 28, 1825. Issue 18141. p. 925. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
13. ^ John Burke: A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland . Volume I. 1835, p. 177.
14. ^ The Northern Echo . In: A spark of gratitude . March 24, 2005. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
15. ↑ ^{a b} Keys to the past . In: Walworth Castle Hotel; Archaeological Evaluation (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
16. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Albert says it's good to squawk . August 8, 2001. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
17. ↑ ^{a b} The Northern Echo . In: Famous parrot checks out of hotel . January 7, 2003. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
18. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Castle owners' bid to prove age of romance is not dead . January 22, 2001. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
19. ^ BBC News . In: Popular parrot leaves perch . March 7, 2003. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
20. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth, Castle; late C16 mansion. (Walworth) . DCC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
21. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth Castle flagstones; photographic recording (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
22. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth Park; Medieval parkland (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
23. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth Park; Possible enclosure (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
24. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth; earthworks. (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
25. ^ Keys to the past . In: Garden walls, gate piers and greenhouse north of w; Listed building (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
26. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth, Castle; medal found. (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
27. ^ Keys to the past . In: The lodge, linking walls and gate piers to west of; Listed building (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
28. ^ Keys to the past . In: Walworth Castle; Possible WWII PoW Camp. (Walworth) . DBC. 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 
29. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Caravan set to stay in face of objection . August 29, 2003. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
30. ↑ George F. White . In: Walworth Castle Gardens, Walworth . 2010. Accessed on April 14, 2010.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
31. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Take the chance for a rare peek at some of our heritage treasures . September 6, 2000. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
32. ↑ C. Walker: Hauntedplaces.co.uk . In: Walworth Castle . 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
33. ↑ Ralph Keeton: Exorcisms.co.uk . In: A 'Castle' Exorcism on Film for Sony Pictures USA. . 2004-2009. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 14, 2010. 
34. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Now be afraid, be very afraid . October 31, 2001. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
35. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Castle offers visitors a very spooky supper . October 27, 2001. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
36. ^ The Northern Echo . In: The peasants were not impressed . June 6, 2001. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
37. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Hassle Castle under attack . June 27, 2006. Retrieved April 14, 2010.
38. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Letters: July 7, 2006 . July 7, 2006. Accessed on April 14, 2010.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
39. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Three-star accolade for hotel and restaurant . April 3, 2002. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
40. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Bus changes posing threat to hotel jobs . July 19, 2003. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
41. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Club celebrates as membership hits 100 . August 2, 2001. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
42. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Ready to celebrate the golden jubilee . May 31, 2002. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
43. ^ The Northern Echo . In: News in brief: Landlords have advice to hand . May 30, 2002. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
44. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Castle to hold displays . May 16, 2003. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
45. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Castle takes visitors back to the past . May 27, 2003. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
46. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Castle thinks pink to get in the mood for love . February 15, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
47. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Triathlon group aims to raise £ 4,000 at event . May 16, 2008. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
48. ^ The Northern Echo . In: Education Village pupils have a ball . July 8, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2015.
49. ^ The Northern Echo . In: All quiet in hotel that had to cancel offer . June 8, 2001. Retrieved July 28, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Walworth Castle  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Map of Walworth. StreetMap.co.uk.
• Historic map of Walworth Gate: 1896–1913 . Francis Frith.
• Site of the Walworth Castle Hotel

Coordinates: 54 ° 33 ′ 27.5 "  N , 1 ° 38 ′ 56.3"  W.