Warturm and stork's nest
The Warturm an der Ochtum (today Alte Ochtum) was a fortification tower that was part of the Landwehr around the Bremer Vieland . The tower itself was destroyed in 1813 and demolished in 1820. The associated customs house on the opposite side of the Warturm Heerstraße is now known as the Gasthaus Zum Warturm Storchennest .
history
A place called Ware on the Ochtum downstream from Grolland is first mentioned in 1201. The place name means something like fish weir . A trade route from Bremen through the wetland on the Ochtum to Oldenburg has been assumed since the middle of the 13th century at the latest, after the Great Weser Bridge was built around 1240 , and Delmenhorst Castle in Oldenburg between 1247 and 1254 . At the crossing of this path over the Ochtum, the Wartum was built in 1309 as part of Bremen's outer defense line .
In 1311, the Counts of Delmenhorst and the City Council of Bremen agreed to prepare and maintain these strata communis for pedestrians and wagons, the Counts of Delmenhorst to Huchting and the city of Huchting to Bremen. Bremen was allowed to levy a road toll to cover the costs . However , the city only bought the land required for the Wardamm between the Ochtum and Huchting in January 1344 from the Count. In Huchting, in addition to the road to Delmenhorst and Oldenburg, the Flemish Road also connected to the Wardamm , which led south-west via Wildeshausen to the Rhine and beyond.
In the joint ordinance of the cathedral chapter and council of November 25, 1390 to strengthen the Landwehr and the defense readiness of the farmers of the Vielands four farmers were named who had to maintain the Torn to de Warebrughen and the path in front of the tower. Stones from the demolition of the Paulskloster in front of Bremen were used in 1523 to pave the road from Hohentor to Warturm, from there to Huchting it was paved in 1530. The right to collect customs duties was confirmed to the city by Emperor Charles V in 1541 . The village settlement of Ware was relocated as early as 1400.
According to the First Stade Comparison of 1654, the Warturm was razed in 1661, and during the Second Bremen-Swedish War, Field Marshal Wrangel even built a hill there against Bremen. However, it was restored as a Bremen defense post in 1669.
Since 1724 there has been a restaurant in the customs house north of the Warbrücke. Until 1803, the Wardamm ran west of the Ochtum almost on the border of the Bremen territory, because the Grolland estate belonged to the county of Oldenburg and its temporary separation from Delmenhorst. During the fighting for Bremen in October 1813 the Warturm was destroyed, but the neighboring customs house was preserved. In 1820 the ruins of the tower were torn down and the customs officers' house was built 250 m east on the north side of the street .
The stork's nest has been a listed building since 1973, the customs officer since 1994.
Former customs house "Storchennest"
The former customs house is a two-story building with a steep pitched roof. The street front is about 2 m longer than the roof ridge, so that the corner rooms protrude as bay windows opposite the otherwise windowless western gable wall. It is not known whether this corresponds to the original shape of the building or is the result of a renovation. The east gable protrudes a little over the roof. This side is provided with a wide porch, the upper floor of which consists of half-timbered houses . Above the entrance to the street there is a frieze with an attic and the date 1577 carved in, apparently the only source of the building's year of construction. The single-storey extension in front of the northwest corner, the main room of the restaurant, is a little younger, but now over two hundred years old.
The renaissance building is the oldest non-church building in Bremen on the left of the Weser and after the town hall the second oldest preserved official building in the Hanseatic city.
To the Warturm / Storchennest, street side
To the Warturm / stork's nest, view parallel to the west gable
To the Warturm / Storchennest, water side
To the Warturm / Storchennest, east gable
From the year 2000 the house was renovated and then continued to be operated as a restaurant. To enable modern building heating, the State Office for Monument Preservation allowed a modern exhaust pipe. In the summer of 2013 the house was put up for sale and the restaurant closed. Negotiations with new interested parties dragged on for over a year, and a new purchase agreement was concluded in autumn 2014.
See also
literature
- Rudolf Stein: Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance architecture in Bremen. Verlag Hermann Hauschild, Bremen 1962, p. 103 (available in the reading room of the Bremen State Archives)
- Karl-Heinz Hofmann: The customs house on the Ochtum , in: Weser-Kurier, district review Northeast, September 1, 1994, p. 6 (in detail also on the licensing law and the history of the owner).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bremer Urkundenbuch, Volume 1, 1863, Delivery 2-3, p. 106 No. 92
- ↑ Thomas Hill: The city and its market: Bremen's surrounding and external relations in the Middle Ages (12th – 15th centuries). Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-515-08068-6 , p. 253 (Google book search)
- ↑ Bremer Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2, 1876, documents from 1301–1350. P. 122, No. 115
- ↑ Bremisches Urkundenbuch, vol. 2, 1876, documents from 1301-1350 , p. 502 no.514
- ↑ Bremisches Urkundenbuch vol. 3, documents from 1381-1410, p. 160/161 no. 127
- ↑ Werner Vogt: Bremisches Jahrbuch Volume 53 (1975): The painters Johann Heinrich Menken (1766-1839) and Gottfried Menken (1799-1838). A contribution to the cultural history of Bremen in the 19th century , in the appendix an explanation of the (non-digitized) drawing of the Warturm by Johann Heinrich Menken
- ↑ In the last two volumes of the Bremer Urkundenbuch, sorted by key words, the customs house is not mentioned either under “Warturm” (entries from 1440 to 1599) or under “Wardamm”.
- ↑ http://www.weser-kurier.de/bremen/bremen-stadtreport_artikel,-Storchennest-estand-zum-Verkauf-_arid,616086.html
Coordinates: 53 ° 4 ′ 9.2 " N , 8 ° 45 ′ 38.9" E