Grolland
Grolland is a district of Bremen and forms together with Kirchhuchting , Mittelhuchting and Sodenmatt the district of Huchting .
geography
Grolland is located to the left of the Weser in the south of Bremen and has an area of 180 hectares and 3332 inhabitants. The place lies between two rivers of the Ochtum (new and old Ochtum) and between the eastern Neustadt and the western Kirchhuchting. In the south, the municipality of Stuhr is connected ( district of Diepholz ).
The urban development connection between the districts of Huchtingen and Grolland is formed by the two traffic axes Bundesstrasse 75 and tram lines 1 and 8 as well as the park to the left of the Weser .
The Kuhlen area of the municipality of Stuhr, located around Lake Grolland , borders directly on Grolland. Kuhlen form a kind of enclave and are separated from the rest of the district by the runway of Bremen Airport , which here partly extends into Lower Saxony territory.
history
The little village
Greenland was first mentioned on March 11, 1189. It was a colonial foundation of the Welf ministerial and locator (property distributor) Friedrich von Mackenstedt, who also founded the Heiligenrode monastery . He and the Archbishop of Bremen were the landlords and in Grolland, as in many other places, operated the elder colonization through the drainage of the "wet triangle" between Brinkum, Neustadt and "War sub Gronlande". In 1201 the archbishop allowed the Dutch hydraulic engineering specialists Hermann and Heinrich to clear the land.
In the small village of Ware (Ware = fish weir ), which was first mentioned in 1201 and several times after 1290, three to four houses are documented. The area on the left side of Ochtum became Warfeld and the road from Bremen to Delmenhorst was later called Wardamm .
After the Stedinger War from 1233 to 1234, the time of the free peasants with the peasant laying was over. The Counts of Oldenburg had a stronger influence on the area, while Bremen citizens acted as landlords. Johann Hemeling (* around 1358–1428), Mayor of Bremen, owned extensive land in Grolland as well, but the imperial city of Bremen did not gain jurisdiction here, unlike in Vieland to the east and Huchting to the west. The still very small settlement in the tip of the Grafschaft Oldenburg or, for a time, Grafschaft Delmenhorst was on Grollander Strasse , which was also called Schwarzer Weg . In church terms, Grolland belonged to Stuhr and only from 1914 to Huchting. 1309 With the consent of the Oldenburg Counts, Bremen erected three defense towers, the Warturm , the Kattenturm and the Arster or Ahlker Tower, as part of the Landwehr to protect the Vieland . The small river was expanded into a wide, straight weir ditch, strengthened after 1390, just as the old Ochtumarm still exists. In 1311, the Counts of Delmenhorst and the Bremen City Council agreed to prepare the route between Bremen and Delmenhorst for pedestrians and cars. In 1344 Bremen bought a strip of land from the county of Delmenhorst to build the Wardamm. From then to 1803, the border between Grolland and the Bremen territory ran along the Ochtum to the Warturm and from there along the Wardamm to Huchting, also from Bremen. At Kirchhuchting, Grolland protruded as far as the Huchtinger Fleet, while further south the Huchtinger Feldmark reached as far as the Ochtum, so that Grolland was only connected to Kladdingen by a narrow strip of land. The Wardamm was not paved until 1530. Until 1888 it was the only road connection between Bremen and Delmenhorst.
In the 16th century, the fortified Grolland estate was created out of Oldenburg and Heiligenrode lands. The estate was sold to the Bremen council cellar master Wilken Meyer in 1653 and then changed hands several times before it was passed on to Christian Eberhard Niemeyer in 1742 , who built a two-story mansion. The mansion, in which in 1795 the brother of the King of France Louis XVI. , the Count of Artois - later King of France - stayed there until 1965. The estate was farmed until the 1960s, parts of the land were used for the construction of the settlement in the 1930s and 1960s sold.
In 1577 a customs house was built on the Warturm on the east bank of the Ochtum (i.e. outside of Grolland) for the road toll , which has been levied since the 14th century , in which the Zum Storchennest restaurant has been operated since 1724 .
In 1803, as part of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, the former Oldenburg Grolland with its estate in Bremen came to the Gohgericht Obervieland. When the Kingdom of Hanover joined the German Customs Union in 1854 , the urban area of Bremen was customs foreign nation until 1888. Smuggling flourished as a sideline. In order to curb smuggling, the Bremen land areas to the west or left of the Ochtum, i.e. Huchting and Grolland, were contractually part of the German Customs Union. In 1867 the Bremen – Oldenburg line passed Grolland. In 1820 the fortification tower was demolished. In 1870 Grolland became part of the Bremen rural community of Huchting.
Around 1900 Grolland only had around 30 residents who lived in the estate and in two other courtyards on Schwarzen Weg . In 1909 a new road was built from Bremen via Grolland to Huchting through the work of Franz Schütte (* 1836-1911), merchant and “Petroleum King” in Bremen. Schütte's heirs wanted to develop land that he owned here as building land, and in 1913 a building competition was held for his land. Only the Grollander Krug and two semi-detached houses could be built before the First World War.
Suburban settlement as "home"
Only after the war did the village develop into a suburban settlement between the stork's nest and the Grolland estate . As the first larger Bremen settlement, the citizens built “a staged rural landscape” as a garden city project for large families from 1935 to 1940, supervised by the non-profit settlement and building cooperative Grolland (from 1938 Brebau ) , for approx. 5000 inhabitants, consisting of 750 settler sites with 42 different types of settler houses. In 1938 the northern part of Grolland I was finished; it was followed by the buildings on the Brakämpe in the south with their own homes and small settlements, also known as “people's apartments”. The size of the property was 1000 m². The chief planner was the conservative architect Friedrich Heuer , a student of Paul Schmitthenner and Paul Bonatz . Heuer, Falge, Ahlemann and Logemann and Friedrich Schumann in the north and Bothe and Enno Huchting in the south were the architects of the individual buildings; Friedrich Eisenbarth worked as a garden planner. The general planning of Heuer was influenced by building officer Wilhelm Wortmann and building director Gerd Offenberg . The rural, conservative architecture of the red, steep hipped roof houses corresponded to the zeitgeist of the 1920s / 1930s. Due to the war, barracks had to serve as a school until 1951 and sometimes until the mid-1950s.
District of Bremen
Further expansion
In 1946, the Bremen rural communities of Huchting with the Grolland district in Bremen were incorporated as a district in order to exclude possible claims from a future federal state of Lower Saxony . In November 1945 the two settler communities Grolland I and Grolland II (later part of the Grolland-Süd settlers association) were brought into being. In 1951 the Grollander School was inaugurated. From 1950 to 1970 the development came from Brebau and private clients. The "red" Grolland is structurally characterized by its red-stone single-family and row houses with its rather middle-class, socially medium-sized residents. From 1950 to 1952 terraced houses and apartment buildings were built at An der Wurth, Am Vorfeld and Deichhauser Weg and a small shop and service area on Emslandstrasse.
In 1962 Golland was also affected by the floods in Bremen , but the dikes held. In 1973 the Hochstraße for the federal highway 75 was opened , which clearly divides Grolland. Line 16, later 6 of the Bremen tram, ended from 1955 to 1976 on the border between Grolland and Neustadt. Grolland and Huchting were served by buses. In 1976, line 6 (later lines 1 and 8) was expanded as an elevated railway through Grolland to the Roland Center in Kirchhuchting . The platforms can only be reached by elevators in 2013.
Park on the Ochtum
From 1958, the demand for a park between Grolland and Huchting was emphasized and an association was founded in 1976. In the zoning plan of Bremen from 1965, on the other hand, the route of a motorway was included and in the Bremen urban development concept of 1971 the motorway and a railway line at that. The runway at Bremen Airport was initially to be extended considerably, and later only made usable again in the full existing length of 2 km. For security reasons it was necessary to relocate the Ochtum by approx. 300 to 400 meters to the west. The local politicians demanded that the planning of the motorway and a freight bypass between Huchting and Grolland be given up and that a landscape park should be created here. In 1978 the state government followed these ideas. The park to the left of the Weser has been and is being built since 1983 .
Population development
In 1812 Grolland had only 22 inhabitants. The population increased significantly in the 1930s due to the construction of settlements. The development after the Second World War in numbers:
- 1955: 4,523 inhabitants
- 1975: 4,306 inhabitants
- 1995: 3,465 inhabitants
- 2009: 3,332 inhabitants
Politics, administration
Grolland is administered as a district by the Huchting local authority . The Grollander members are also represented on the Huchting Advisory Board .
Infrastructure
General
→ See Huchting under Public Institutions
Green areas, bodies of water
- The park to the left of the Weser between Grolland and Huchting was laid out along the Ochtum from 1976.
- The Ochtum flows south past Grolland. A second, straight Ochtumarm - the original course of the river - flows north past Grolland and joins the main course in the western nature reserve.
- The Grollander See is already in the area of the municipality of Stuhr in the Kuhlen area.
Education, social affairs, sport
- The school Grolland , Brakkämpe 4, is a primary school and a support center (FÖZ) for approx. 250 students.
- Children and Family Center Grolland , Am Vorfeld 27
- Private children's group He, du da 1992, Obervielander Str. 39 and Am Kirchdeich 2c
- The TSV Grolland ( gymnastics and sports club Grolland ), Easter Stader Straße 7
- The Grolland sports complex, Osterstader Straße 7
church
In the street Am Vorfeld is the St. Lukas Church , a steel network construction, planned by the Bremen architect Carsten Schröck with advice from Frei Otto . Although it was only built between 1962 and 1964, it is a listed building. The church is similar to the congress hall in Berlin. In contrast to the congress hall, where the roof brackets made of concrete are supported by conventional walls, here the brackets made of laminated timber are only connected by the steel net. The church windows are by Erhart Mitzlaff .
Monuments
→ See the list of cultural monuments in Huchting .
Economy and Transport
economy
Grolland is a pure residential city .
traffic
Transportation
The tram is raised in Grolland. The following BSAG lines affect Grolland:
- Tram line 1: Huchting – Grolland– Am Brill –Hauptbahnhof– Osterholz –Bf Mahndorf
- Tram line 8: Huchting – Grolland– Domshof –Hauptbahnhof– Kulenkampffallee
- Night tram line N1: Huchting – Grolland – Center – Osterholz – Mahndorf station
- Bus line 52: ( Kattenturm )
train
In the west, the Bremen – Oldenburg railway line passes Grolland. A branch line leads to the Bremen-Grolland freight station, via which the Neustädter Hafen and the Bremen freight center are connected. Of the 8,640 freight trains on the tracks of the Bremische Hafeneisenbahn in the city of Bremen in 2015, 61 percent went to Grolland.
Streets
Via the federal highway 75
- in a south-westerly direction to Delmenhorst with connection to the A 28 to Oldenburg.
- in a north-easterly direction to Bremen via the Bremen-Neustadt motorway junction ( A 281 ).
The local development leads over the Norderländer Straße from Grolland to Stuhr .
Biking and hiking trails
- From Grolland to the park on the left of the Weser on the Ochtum via Auf dem Klaukamp to Mittelhuchting
- From Grolland through the park over the Achterfeldweg , the Höhpost to Kirchhuchting
- From Kirchhuchting over Hohenhorster Weg , Heulandsweg through the park to Grolland
- From Grolland to Wardamm through the Ochtum lowlands to Mittelhuchting
- From Grolland to Wardamm to Woltmershausen
- From Grolland over the dykes of the Ochtum im Park Links der Weser past Bremen Airport to Brinkum or Altstuhr
- From Grolland over the two dikes of the Grollander Ochtum to the stork's nest on Wardamm and to the Alte Ochtum or to Mittelhuchting and vice versa via the Westerlandweg to Neustadt or over the dike to the Park Links der Weser
Street names and their meanings
- In Grolland there are street names from the time of National Socialism from “ de Stedinger Buren [de] streden for her cheap Freedom un Vaderland unner dat Leit van Bolke van Bardenfleth, Tammo van Huntorp and Detmar tom Dyk ”. In 1234 the Stedinger were defeated in the Stedinger War in the battle of Altenesch by an army of the allies of the Archbishop of Bremen, the city of Bremen and more than 20 other counts and princes. The leaders of the Stedinger army were Thammo von Huntorp, Detmar tom Dyk (tom Dieke) and Bolko von Bardenfleth. The Steding honor has the same historical background.
- Frisian landscape names in Grolland such as Ammerländer -, Emsländer -, Friesländer -, Jeverländer -, Harlinger -, Norderländer -, Ostfriesische -, Wangenländer Straße;
- North Lower Saxony landscape names in Grolland such as Altländer- , Hadeler- , Kehdinger- , Land-Wührdener- , Moorriemer- (marshland near Brake ), Osterstader- , Süderbroker-, Wurster Straße
- Names like Grollander Deich refer to the local landscape geography
- The field names as on the run, Brakkämpe, Hemmelskamp, Vehrels (Verdel = Quarter)
- The Wardamm led to the Ware settlement.
Personalities
- Gerold Fuchs (* 1940), educator, landscape painter, chairman of the Association Park links der Weser and 1998/99 member of the Bremen citizenship (AfB).
- Friedrich Heuer (1897–1960), architect of housing developments (1935–1940) in Grolland
- Henry (Ernst) Meyer, economist (1906–1990), 1935–1938 chairman of the Golland housing and building cooperative, 1938–1945 and 1960–1972 managing director of the Brebau that emerged from it .
- Manfred Oppermann (* 1951), businessman, from 1999 - 2015 member of the Bremen Parliament (SPD)
- Annegret Pautzke (* 1937), self-employed clerk, from 1987 to 1995 member of the Bremen Citizenship (FDP)
- Reinhold Stiering (1931–2012), Member of the Bremen Citizenship (SPD)
- Heinrich Welke (* 1943), educator and politician (FDP), member of the Bremen citizenship, since 2009 chairman of the association Park links der Weser.
- Heinz Meyer (* 1911-1986), printer, politician and local office manager, member of the Bremen citizenship (SPD) from 1946 to 1967, local office manager Huchting from 1948 to 1974, long-time secretary in the Grolland-Süd settlers' association
literature
- Ottmar Hinz: Grolland. A village from the drawing board . Bremer Verlagsgesellschaft, Bremen, 1990, ISBN 3-926028-65-3 .
- Heinz Meyer: Huchting. Then and now . Hauschild, Bremen 1981.
- Gerwin Möller: Grollander story (s) on the origin and development of a Bremen garden city settlement . Kellner Verlag , Bremen 2017, ISBN 978-3-95651-137-0 .
- Herbert Schwarzwälder : The Great Bremen Lexicon ; Temmen, Bremen, 2003, ISBN 3-86108-693-X .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bremer Urkundenbuch, Volume 1, 1863, Delivery 2-3, p. 106 No. 92
- ↑ Bremer Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2, 1876, documents from 1301–1350. P. 122, No. 115
- ^ Herbert Black Forest: History of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . Volume I p. 542f, Volume II p. 232f. Edition Temmen, Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-86108-283-7 .
- ↑ Ottmar Hinz: Grolland - A village on the drawing board
Web links
- Huchting on www.bremen.de
- Settler community Grolland Nord
- Settler community Grolland Süd
- grollandergeschichten.de