Chorus wading (Dniester)

Chorwaten on the Dniester or Eastern Chorwaten (Greek Χρωβάτοι , Old Russian Хровате , Polish Chorwaci wschodni ) were an East Slavic tribe in the area of today's western Ukraine and possibly in the extreme south-eastern Poland .

The settlement area of Chorwaten during the reign of Bolesław I. Map by Gustav Droysen (1886).

In Poland they are mostly referred to as white Croatians .

Surname

Chorwaten was the name for various Slavic groups: from Croats on the Balkan Peninsula , from Chrowaten in Styria ( Kroatengau ), from Chorvaten in northern Bohemia and from Chorwaten on the upper Dniester .

history

Choir wading on the Dniester is only mentioned explicitly in two places in medieval texts: in Wulfstan's journey from Haithabu to Truso (in the 9th century) and in the Ruthenian Nestor Chronicle (from the early 12th century).

The Frisian traveler Wulfstan mentions in his report around 890 Hrvati east of the Moravian Empire . That would be about the Carpathian Arch in today's Ukraine ( Carpathian Ukraine ).

The Nestor Chronicle describes the conquest of the Хровате ( Khrowaten ) tribe on the upper Dniester by the Kiev prince Vladimir I in 992.

According to the Nestor Chronicle, Khrowaten had already taken part in the procession of Prince Oleg from Kiev to Constantinople in 907 . Most likely it was the chorus wading on the Dniester.

The great Croats ( Χρωβάτοι ) at Constantine VII. Porphyrogennetos (around 950) (mostly incorrectly translated as white Croatians in research ) who moved to the Balkans at the beginning of the 7th century are without any indications of origin, but apparently came from the east of the Danube .

In the Nestor Chronicle once white Croats ( Хровате Бѣлии ) called, together with Carantanians and Serbs (or Sorbs ?), So obviously in a more western area.

present

In Polish research and history, the eastern chorus are almost consistently referred to as white Croats , although the only mention of white Croats in the Nestor Chronicles refers to a more western area.

Since the term Chorwaci in Polish denotes both Croats (in the Balkans) and Chorwading , a distinction is apparently intended to be made visible. An area up to Krakow or at least Przemyśl is often assumed to be a settlement area without any historical evidence. The Wislanes settled around Kraków , and Przemyśl was one of the Chervenian castles .

In the 20th century, many residents of the extreme south-east of Poland referred to themselves as White Croats . It is possible that in modern times, and especially because of the changed demarcation of the border with Ukraine in 1945, many came from the areas on the upper Dniester to the area around Przemysl and Krakow.

literature

Frank Kämper: Eastern Slaves . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 6, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 1546 f.
Władysław Kowalenko: Chorwaci ruscy ( Rus-Chorwaten ), in: W. Kowalenko, u. a. (Ed.): Słownik Starożytności Słowiańskich. Encyklopedyczny zarys kultury Słowian od czasów najdawniejszych , Vol. 1 (A – E), Wrocław 1962, pp. 249–250
Janusz Kotlarczyk: Siedziby Chorwatów wschodnich ( The Eastern Chorwades ), Acta Archaeologica Carpathica 12, 1971, pp. 161–188.

Remarks

↑ In the USA at the beginning of the 20th century, more than 100,000 immigrants gave their nationality to the naturalization authorities as Bielo-Chorvats ( White Croats ). See: US Senate: Reports on the Immigration Commission: Dictionary of races or peoples , Washington DC, 1911, pp. 40, 43, 105.

[1] In the USA at the beginning of the 20th century, more than 100,000 immigrants gave their nationality to the naturalization authorities as Bielo-Chorvats ( White Croats ). See: US Senate: Reports on the Immigration Commission: Dictionary of races or peoples , Washington DC, 1911, pp. 40, 43, 105.