White tailed hummingbird
| White tailed hummingbird | ||||||||||||
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White-tailed hummingbird illustrated by John Gould and William Matthew Hart |
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| Eupherusa poliocerca | ||||||||||||
| Elliot, DG , 1871 |
The white- tailed hummingbird or white-tailed upherusa ( Eupherusa poliocerca ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is endemic to Mexico . According to the IUCN, the population is at risk ( Vulnerable ). The species is considered to be monotypical .
features
The white-tailed hummingbird reaches a body length of about 10 to 11 cm, with a weight of 4.5 to 5.2 g. The male has a straight black beak. The plumage is almost completely emerald green. The red-brown arm wings stand out from the dark wings. The central pair of control feathers of the slightly rounded tail are green, the rest are white. The female has a green top and a white spot behind the eye. The ear covers are dark gray. The underside is light gray, the arm wings are less reddish brown in color. The tail is similar to that of the male, but the white outer tail feathers have green borders. Young animals resemble the females, with the male young animals having a dull green underside.
Behavior and nutrition
The white-tailed hummingbird gets its nectar and a. of plants of the genera Inga , Kohleria , Lobelia , Malvaviscus , Manettia , Psittacanthus and Hamelia . When eating, he arranges other hummingbirds z. B. the genus of Amazilia hummingbirds .
Reproduction
Little is known about the breeding biology of the white tailed hummingbird. A nest was discovered in October. In February and April specimens in breeding mood were observed. Ernst Hartert and Claudia Bernadine Elisabeth Hartert described the nest as a round, chalice-shaped nest made of moss, which is decorated on the outside with mostly white lichen. The inside was lined with very soft red-brown fern, possibly from the genus of the royal ferns . The outer radius is approx. 50 mm, the inner radius approx. 38 mm with a nest depth of approx. 25 mm. The two eggs are approximately 12.5 × 9 mm in size.
Vocalizations
The singing consists of a bright, fast, fluid and squeaky trill. This takes 2 to 8 seconds with more trills than in the blue- headed hummingbird ( Eupherusa cyanophrys Rowley & Orr , 1964). It also emits a liquid, humming, rolling chirp that often turns into a rattling trill. This is reminiscent of the sounds of the striped- tailed hummingbird ( Eupherusa eximia ( Delattre , 1843)).
distribution and habitat
The white-tailed hummingbird prefers evergreen forests, cloud and cloud forests, forest edges and open forests as well as plantations at altitudes between 900 and 2400 meters.
migration
The white-tailed hummingbird is usually considered a resident bird . It is believed that it may migrate between high altitudes as a seasonal line bird .
Etymology and history of research
The white tailed hummingbird was first described in 1871 by Daniel Giraud Elliot under the scientific name Eupherusa poliocerca . The type specimen came from Putla Villa de Guerrero . It was John Gould who introduced the new genus Eupherusa in 1857 . The word "Eupherusa" is derived from the Greek words "eu εὖ " for "good" and "pherō φέρω " for "to wear". The species name »poliocerca« is a Greek word formed from »polios πολιος « for »gray« and »kerkos κερκος « for »tail«.
literature
- Thomas Züchner, Eduardo de Juana, Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: White-tailed Hummingbird (Eupherusa poliocerca) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Daniel Giraud Elliot: Description of two new Species of Hummingbirds belonging to the Genera Eupherusa and Cyanomyia . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History (= 4 ). tape 8 , no. 46 , 1871, pp. 266-267 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- John Gould: A monograph of the Trochilidæ, or family of humming-birds . tape 5 , delivery 14. Taylor and Francis, London 1857 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Frederick Herschel Waterhouse: The dates of publication of some of the zoological works of the late John Gould, FRS RH Porter, London 1885 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Ernst Hartert, Claudia Bernadine Elisabeth Hartert: On a collection of Humming Birds from Ecuador and Mexico . In: Novitates zoologicae: a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum. tape 1 , 1894, p. 43-64 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Eupherusa poliocerca inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.1. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - White-tailed Hummingbird ( Eupherusa poliocerca ) . Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of White-tailed Hummingbird (Eupherusa poliocerca) in the Internet Bird Collection
- White-tailed hummingbird ( Eupherusa poliocerca ) at Avibase; accessed on June 30, 2019.
- Eupherusa poliocerca in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - White-tailed hummingbird ( Eupherusa poliocerca )
- White-tailed Hummingbird (Eupherusa poliocerca) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved June 30, 2019.
Individual evidence
Remarks
- ↑ According to Frederick Herschel Waterhouse p. 49, Plate 324 appeared as part of Delivery 14 from 1857. Here Gould assigned the striped- tailed hummingbird ( Eupherusa eximia ) to the genus.