Wildlife sanctuary

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In the German-speaking world, wildlife protection areas are nature conservation areas that are of particular importance for the protection and conservation of wild species . These areas are also relevant for hunting .

Basics

Signposting of a game reserve

Example Switzerland

In principle, one can differentiate between three types:

  • Wildlife protection areas serve the general protection of the special habitats of huntable animal species, especially endangered species. This can refer to the overall protection of the habitat , but also special areas that serve as grazing areas , rutting / courtship areas , nesting or breeding areas and the like. General prohibitions to impair the living space are typical.
  • Wildlife quiet areas (also wilderness quiet zones and the like) are permanent or temporary protection designations, which serve not to impair the way of life of the game. In densely populated Europe such forms of protection, for example, to Wildeinstände / calving grounds , game feeding expelled or Brunft- / courtship and breeding sites, typically barring or restricting to designated routes ( marked trails ). This also serves to not scare off wild game, so that it might migrate, or not to get it too used to humans. The African-style game reserves , which serve both nature and hunting tourism, also correspond to this .
  • Wildlife protection reserves , which means strict hunting prohibition zones in which game can regenerate; these areas are more common outside of Europe with its more extensive hunting grounds

The extent of these protected areas ranges from simple designation and signposting to complete enclosure (fencing as a game enclosure ), i.e. complete closure, for example for breeding and rearing enclosures . The case of the wild winter gate is similar , here the game is kept seasonally in order to avoid damage to the forest or agriculture.

Demarcation

This term is to be distinguished - although such areas are listed under the same name in some places and there are technical overlaps:

  • Areas that primarily serve to protect the forest from damage caused by game (browsing, sweeping, etc.), i.e. forest protection areas - these belong to the quiet zones, because forest damage can also be caused by constant disturbance of game, and game damage prevention is usually the task of those responsible for hunting.
  • Hunting restricted areas are closings mostly during the hunt, which primarily serve to protect people.
    Both terms can also be found under the designation Jagdbann , which also includes the protection of a designated hunt from unlawful hunting.
  • Wildlife parks as a form of zoo, this is primarily about display. Overlaps can be found in the form of controlled rearing and reintroduction enclosures, for example in the case of threatened wild species to rebuild a wild population.
  • Farms that are used to raise game that can be hunted as a normal livestock measure, primarily for meat production. In Europe they do not fall under hunting law, but under agricultural law. These are often referred to as game enclosures , which is not clear. This context also includes protected grazing areas of nomadic cattle breeders and the transhumance of game that can be hunted elsewhere (e.g. reindeer).
  • Restricted areas in the event of epidemics ( epidemic areas ).

To Distinguish also occurring in protected areas English terms are Wildlife , which is wild to the general protection Animals (Wild Animals') applies and is relatively uncommon so in densely populated Europe, and the term Wilderness ( Wilderness ), which refers to the strict protection of Primeval landscapes refers, and in German is usually listed under " nature reserve ".

Problem areas

Hunting as nature management is in conflict potential for the country - and forestry , the nature conservation as well as the recreational value of the landscape.

On the one hand, wildlife sanctuaries have fallen into a certain disrepute because they were primarily used regionally and temporarily to build up abnormally high game populations in order to make hunting more economical, but also sometimes simply easier. Such excessive game populations have extensive harmful effects on the natural area, and in the long term also on the population itself. In Europe, these excesses go back to the power hunts of early modern feudalism, here in the 20th century there has been a rethinking towards game management as part of more holistic nature care used. In the third world, however, this has become a major problem at the same time.

In the case of stricter game protection areas, the right to freedom of movement also overlaps . While restricted forest areas usually only protect young forest for a limited period, wildlife protection areas are often long-term facilities with extensive space requirements.

National

  • Germany: Wildlife sanctuary in accordance with Section 20 (2) of the Federal Hunting Act
  • Austria: Here the protected areas are regulated by the state hunting laws:
    • Wildlife sanctuary according to § 102 Bgld. Hunting Act 2004
    • Wildlife sanctuary according to Section 70, Paragraph 1b of the Carinthian Hunting Act 2000
    • Quiet zone according to Section 94a of the Lower Austrian Hunting Act 1974
    • Wildlife sanctuary according to Section 56a of the Upper Austrian Hunting Act
    • Game treatment zone according to § 58 ( maintenance of stocks); Restricted area according to § 105 and emergency lock according to § 106 (entry ban); Habitat protection area according to § 107 (protection of threatened species or stocks); Wildlife biotope protection areas according to § 108 (smaller); Wild European protected areas according to § 108a (priority species from Natura-2000) according to the Salzburg Hunting Act 1993
    • Wildlife sanctuary in accordance with Section 51 of the Styrian Hunting Act 1986
    • Game rest area according to § 45 Tyrolean Hunting Act 2004
    • Game rest zone in accordance with Section 33 (1.2) of the Vorarlberg Hunting Act
    • Wildlife sanctuary in accordance with Section 51 of the Styrian Hunting Act 1986
    With the exception of the special Salzburg forms, the designations are relatively similarly limited or unlimited resting areas for the game with entry forbidden / prohibited to walk. The Vienna Hunting Act does not recognize the term.
  • Switzerland:
    • Wildlife sanctuary (Federal Hunting Banned Area) : At the federal level according to the ordinance on the Federal Hunting Banned Areas (42 areas, as of 2017)
    • Wild quiet zone on Cantonal Jagdrecht or local zoning, regulated in the Art. 4 hunting Regulation

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b cf. in addition, wildlife zones & wildlife sanctuaries respektiere-deine-grenzen.ch (accessed February 27, 2017; with a focus on the Swiss legal situation).
  2. ↑ Are hunting and nature conservation compatible? Nabu Schlewig-Holstein;
  3. ↑ cf. about Georges Dennler de la Tour: Wildlife and Wildlife Sanctuaries of West Africa, Verlag Pasaje Seaver, 1957;
    Rolf D. Baldus: On the tracks of the Big Five: three decades of hunting in Africa. Kosmos, 2008.
  4. ↑ Stefanie Wieser: Legal security with the signage in the forest. Restrictions on the use of land at a glance. Land & Forest Projects Austria Praxishandbuch, Vienna May 2015, chapter Hunting restrictions on use , p. 96 ff ( pdf , landforstbetriebe.at, p. 49 ff).
  5. ↑ a b Current status of the elimination of game rest areas and legal bases. wildruhezonen.ch (accessed February 27, 2017).
  6. ↑ WRZ hunting banned areas. map.geo.admin.ch.