Willi Nix

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Willi Nix (born January 14, 1906 in Solingen ; † September 27, 1988 ) was a German alleged doctor and Catholic-conservative opponent of National Socialism .

Life

Willy Nix grew up with his paternal grandfather and worked in agriculture after finishing primary school. He spent the time between the ages of 16 and 21 in the Benninghof educational institution. He then joined the KPD , for which he was active until 1931. Nix then found a connection with Catholic-conservative-right circles and converted to Catholicism .

In the first half of the 1930s Willi Nix worked as a journalist in Hamm . He was interrogated by the Gestapo in Münster on June 26, 1935 and was imprisoned in the Esterwegen concentration camp from 1935 to 1937 .

In 1937 he emigrated to the Netherlands , later to Austria and, when Austria was annexed, to Rome . Here he pretended to be a doctor. Since 1941 Nix was the family doctor of the Pallotine and Addolorata sisters in Rome. Since he was expatriated from the German Reich in 1940, he had to hide in the extraterritorial convent of the Addolorata sisters during the German occupation of Italy. In 1944 it belonged to the director Karl B. Todd, the art historian Wolfgang Fritz Volbach , the church historian Karl Werth, the priest Albert Münch (born February 25, 1905 in Mainz; † 1980), the economist Ludwig Muckermann , the graphic artist Rudolf Schott (* 1892 in Mainz), the bookseller Heinrich Ohlenmacher (* October 12, 1900), partner of Dinah Nelken , the journalist and literary critic Erich Stock, the sculptor Toni Fiedler (* 1899, † 1977) and the journalist Anton Marstaller among the founders of the Germans Anti-Nazi Association (DAV) in Rome. Some of the founding members were imprisoned for a long time in the Esterwegen and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. From 1944 to 1946, Nix headed the Central Office for Germans in Italy , an unofficial institution.

By February 1947, presented Central Bureau of German in Italy Italy ID cards as identification card from. In 1947, Vincent La Vista of the Counter Intelligence Corps in Rome alleged in a report to the United States Department of State that Willi Nix was a well-known Nazi smuggler who acted with the benevolence of the Vatican, that he had gone to the Vatican with the Italian authorities fled on their heels. In 1984 Nix did not deny that his organization acted in the post-war years as a contact point for “refugees of all races and religions” who needed new identification papers in Rome. Even the Allies would have carted refugees to the DAV “by truck”. The archive of the Institute for Contemporary History contains a collection of documents by and about Willi Nix, which was blocked until 2018.

Publications

  • The first act. The national government prevents the Saxony mine from being closed. Hamm 1933
  • The decline of the universities in the Third Reich. In: Deutsche Zukunft 1 (1934) No. 3 of August 4, 1934, p. 6
  • Youth in Revolution. In: Deutsche Zukunft 1 (1934) No. 8 of September 8, 1934, p. 2
  • The labor service as a path to the new national community and the new university. In: Westdeutsche Akademische Rundschau 4, 1934, No. 1, pp. 5-6
  • Eredità e destino. In: La difesa della razza 3, no. 13, May 5, 1940, pp. 14-16. Notie

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Boberach, Ingrid Schulze-Bidlingmaier, sources on German political emigration 1933-1945 . KG Saur, Munich 1994, p. 199.
  2. ↑ Ulrike Bachhofer, Anglea Achi: Pragmatic Dealing with the Past? Church and escape aid . In: Rainer Bendel (ed.): Church of sinners - sinful church? Examples for dealing with guilt after 1945 (= contributions to theology, church and society in the 20th century, volume 1). Lit, Münster 2002, p. 28.
  3. ↑ Vincent La Vista report on illegal immigration in and through Italy ; Vatican denial In: The Association of Jewish Refugees Information 39, No. 4, April 1984, p. 4 top left ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ Death in Rome , In: Der Spiegel , February 6, 1984.
  5. ↑ Stefan Heid , Michael Matheus : Places of Refuge and Personal Networks. The Campo Santo Teutonico and the Vatican 1933–1955 . Herder, Freiburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-451-30930-4 , p. 15.
personal data
SURNAME Nothing, Willi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor (?) and escape helper
DATE OF BIRTH January 14, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Solingen
DATE OF DEATH September 27, 1988