Wind holes

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Wind holes

Transzamonia Hall in the Wind Holes

Transzamonia Hall in the Wind Holes
Location: State of Salzburg , Austria
Height : 1300  m above sea level A.
Geographic
location: 		Coordinates are missing! Help. Coordinates are missing! Help.
Cadastral number: 1339/31
Discovery: 1875
Overall length: 12,600 m
Level difference: 411 m
Particularities: Giant cave

The wind holes are a cave system in the Untersberg in the Berchtesgaden Alps , the entrances are in the area of ​​the municipality of Großgmain in the Austrian state of Salzburg . The name comes from the strong cave wind at the entrances - similar to other caves with this name .

description

Sketch of the entrance arch by Eberhard Fugger , 1888
Plan of the cave with the marked M shaft, 1888

In his work published in 1888, Eberhard Fugger characterized the caves as a “complex of ice holes.” “In a thin forest on the very steep slope, a rock arch 14 meters wide and 8 to 10 meters high spans as an entrance gate”. He described several trenches that were partly filled with rubble and earth, partly with ice and snow, as well as a "shaft M with almost vertical walls, over which magnificent, thick ice cascades hang down."

In addition to the wind holes themselves, the wind hole system includes the supernova (cadastral number 1339/212) and the Klingertal shaft (1339/61). The seventeen known entrances to the wind holes so far (2013) are located at an altitude of 1,300 to 1,450  m in the Karen Schosstal, Klingertal and Wasserfalltal on the north side of the Untersberg massif on the Klingersteig near the Klingeralm ( Lage ). The cave wind at the entrances indicates a strong convective air circulation, in summer all entrances blow out air sometimes very strongly and with visible fog and are therefore "meteo-deep".

The main corridor, which runs in north-south direction, and the adjacent halls are located at around 1300 m above sea level. The Palestine Passage, which has been explored up to an unconquered shaft crossing, runs parallel about 100 m below . The Klingertalschacht follows a fault to the southeast, the strong cave stream forms breast-deep lakes. In the end halls of the Klingertal shaft, the lowest level is reached at around 1000 m above sea level. These can be reached from the Supernova shaft cave via a shaft more than 400 m deep.

The cave drains via a powerful brook that sinks into the bottom of the block in the end halls of the Klingertal shaft, the drainage is presumably via the Fürstenbrunn spring cave . It is assumed that the wind holes, together with the giant thing shaft cave and the Gamslöcher- Kolowrat -Salzburgerschacht system, form a cave system that is at least 70 kilometers long and runs through the entire mountain, but the connecting caves are mostly under water.

Research history

The beginning of caving activities put Eberhard Friedrich Fugger already 1875. 1934 were they of Urbanek and Abel researched to 400 m in length. The following year, Czoering discovered the Klingertal shaft, which Abel measured in 1947 to a depth of 60 m. The breakthrough in the main corridor was achieved in 1975, increasing the explored length to 2500 m. In 1982 a bottleneck was widened and the Palestine Hall was reached, from which a connection to the Klingertal shaft was discovered, which had been explored by Belgians in the early 1980s over a length of 2 km and a depth of 322 m. As a result, 6 km of the cave system were measured. From 1989 on, a new survey by Immo Holvan discovered 3.5 km. In 1995, a connection between the end halls of the Klingertal shaft and the Supernova shaft cave, discovered nine years earlier by Chris Höhne, was found, which increased the total length to 10.3 km, then the Stützinger shaft and the disarmament cave were also connected to the supernova and the explored length increased 11.3 kilometers.

There are other possible continuations in the cave, the search for a connection with the other caves of the Unterberg is ongoing. As of 2013, the giant thing shaft cave is still 850 m away, the Gamslöcher-Kolowrat system 1500 m.

literature

  • Gudrun Wallentin, Roland Kals, Sabine Zimmerebner: The wind holes on Untersberg - modern research documentation in a traditional giant cave . In: The cave . tape 64 , 2013, p. 112-118 .
  • Ulrich Meyer: In search of the Barbarossa system in the Untersberg . In: Files of the 13th National Speleological Congress, 2012 - Actes du 13e Congrès national de Spéléologie . Muotathal 2012, p. 68–74 ( Online [PDF; 462 kB ; accessed on August 14, 2014]).
  • Eberhard Fugger : Observations in the ice caves of the Untersberg near Salzburg . In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg . tape 28 . Salzburg 1888, p. 65-164 ( digitized version ). Section Wind Holes pp. 137–141.

Web links

Commons : Wind Holes  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Windhole, that . Adelung, Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect, Volume 4. Leipzig 1801, p. 1558.
  2. ↑ a b Eberhard Fugger : Observations in the ice caves of the Untersberg near Salzburg . In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg . tape 28 . Salzburg 1888, p. 65-164 ( digitized version ). P. 138 .
  3. ^ Eberhard Fugger : Observations in the ice caves of the Untersberg near Salzburg . In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg . tape 28 . Salzburg 1888, p. 65-164 ( digitized version ). P. 139 .
  4. ↑ a b c Gudrun Wallentin, Roland Kals, Sabine Zimmerebner: The wind holes on the Untersberg - modern research documentation in a giant cave steeped in tradition . In: The cave . tape 64 , 2013, p. 112-118 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Ulrich Meyer: In search of the Barbarossa system in the Untersberg . In: Files of the 13th National Speleological Congress, 2012 - Actes du 13e Congrès national de Spéléologie . Muotathal 2012, p. 68–74 ( Online [PDF; 462 kB ; accessed on August 14, 2014]).
  6. ^ Marco Filipponi: Air movements in caves . Arbeitsgemeinschaft Höhle und Karst Grabenstetten, Annual Issue 2005, pages 121–128.