Rijn en Zon windmill
| "Rijn en Zon" windmill
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 Windmill "Rijn en Zon", Utrecht, 2007 |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 5 '58 " N , 5 ° 6' 56" E | |
| Location | Utrecht | |
| Built | 1913; "Rÿn en Son" 1745–1912 | |
| Shut down | 1949-1978 | |
| Status | renovated (1978) and windmillable | |
| technology | ||
| use | Milling, visits | |
| Grinder | 3 + roller mill | |
| drive | wind | |
| Windmill type | Tower windmill | |
| Wing type | Sail gate wing | |
| Number of wings | 4th | |
| Tracking | Codend and reel | |
Rijn en Zon (German: Rhine and Sun ) is a tower windmill in Utrecht , Netherlands , on the corner of Adelaarstraat and Merelstraat in the northeast of the city in the Vogelenbuurt district of Utrecht (bird area). It is the successor to the predecessor mill of the same name from 1745.
history
The original mill "Rijn en Son" (then spelling "Rÿn en Son" or "R (h) yn en Son" ) was built in 1745 on the city wall (ndl. Walkorenmolen) on Paardenveld ( ndl. Horse field) by Govert van Rhijn and Bernard Sonnenberg built. Both took themselves as the namesake of the mill and left a beautifully painted so-called gable stone (ndl. Gevelsteen, English gable stone), which came to the collection of the Utrecht Central Museum after the mill was demolished in 1912 , with a shining sun on a river and attach the following text:
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In today's Dutch:
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In German:
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The abbreviation "CEB" could mean Christ edificium beneficat - Christ bless the building .
In the early years of the “Rijn en Son” grain mill , in the heyday of windmills , there were dozens of windmills in Utrecht, according to JG Buis there were 56. The defenses around the city were preferred locations for them. In the summer of 1674 a heavy storm destroyed numerous buildings in the city, only two mills were still on the ramparts after the storm.
Because of the intention of the municipality of Utrecht to set up a plant auction on the Paardenvelt, the windmill "Rijn en Son" and with it the nearby mill "De Meiboom" ("The Maypole") was demolished in 1912. In the same year, a new mill with the same name "Rijn en Zon" was built half a kilometer northeast of the original site by 1913 in this spelling at Adelaarstraat 30 (Adlerstraße 30 (official address), corner of Merelstraat 6 (Amselstraße)), at that time still in rural setting. Parts of the “De Maiboom” mill and other mills were used during the construction. During the construction, the contractor went bankrupt. The miller of the old “Rijn en Son” mill, Jan Korevaar, stepped in and took over the new “Rijn en Zon” as miller, mill builder and owner. When building his mill, he used many of the latest developments in mill construction at the time. He had a copy of the original gable stone, which is kept in the museum, inserted into the mill wall. His two sons followed him as millers. During the war years 1939–1945 , the mill played an important role in the flour supply in Utrecht.
During a storm on March 1, 1949, the Mühlkappe with the wing cross turned unchecked, which damaged it so badly that it could no longer be crested (turned). In the early 1960s, the mill was on the demolition list due to a planned city expansion. After long negotiations with the Korevaar family, the municipality of Utrecht bought the mill in 1974. In 1975, parts of the gallery fell in another storm. 1977–1978 it was thoroughly restored (gallery, cap with winged cross, comb wheel, window) and put back into operation. The outer brick wall has been cleaned intensively, so that the great city mill of Utrecht appears again in a beautiful brick red. In the entrance area, the organic shop De Korenschoof ( Die Korngarbe ) was set up, which sold flour and bread baked from the grain of the mill. After his departure, an organic butcher used the sales area. Today the mill still runs regularly and occasionally paints grain. The brick-red windmill "Rijn en Zon" is a national monument of the Netherlands and dominates the northeastern cityscape.
In August 2015, the wings and cap were removed for the purpose of overhaul or replacement, the tower opening was sealed, and since April 2016 the large mill has been complete again with a new cap and wings. In April 2017, operations were stopped again because some of the bolts that held the split rods together in the wing cross had broken, which was also found in another mill of this rod type. All owners of windmills with this construction were advised not to let the wing cross turn any more.
In addition to the "Rijn en Zon" mill, there is only the sawmill "De Ster" ("The Star"), which was rebuilt in 1997, in the city of Utrecht.
description
The gallery tower windmill (ndl. Ronde stenen stellingmolen; ronde stenen bovenkruier (Obenkrüher)) "Rijn en Zon" is a typical Dutch town mill with a very high mill tower (~ 29 m) - higher are only four town mills in Schiedam , built from over half a million red brick. At the bottom it has an outside diameter of around 14 meters (without the ground floor porch with a balcony in the southeast). The gallery is 17.70 meters high, the ridge of the cap at around 32 meters. The cap, covered with roofing felt, runs on 48 iron rollers between the two iron ring profiles, a loose Flemish brake (Vlaamse vang) with four blocks is attached to the comb wheel with 53 combs (teeth) . The flight (diameter) of the wing cross with split rods (a rarer construction) is 24.90 meters. It has nine floors (ndl. Zolders): shop floor, storage floor 1 and 2, grain floor, grinding floor (flour floor), stone floor, filling floor, elevator floor, cap floor (ndl .: winkelzolder, opslagzolder 1, opslagzolder 2, graanzolder, maalzolder, steenzolder, overslagzolder, luizolder, capzolder) and three grinding courses with French (French freshwater quartz , highest quality, from La Ferté-sous-Jouarre near Châlons-en-Champagne (Châlons-sur-Marne)), a roller mill, 2 classifiers, 2 grain cleaners, a mixer (mengkuip). The large brick grain windmill is turned (cranked), as is almost exclusively the case in the Netherlands, from the outside (Dutch: buitenkruier) via codend with reel, two pairs of scissors and the Spreet beam running through the cap from the gallery. With its dimensions, the “Rijn en Zon” windmill is the fifth tallest in the Netherlands (the other four are in Schiedam) and the tallest in the province of Utrecht .
Mill data
- Canopy Height: 32 m (105 ft)
- Total height: 43.3 m (142 ft)
- Gallery height: 17.7 m (58 ft)
- Mill wing span (diameter / flight): 24.9 m (81.66 ft)
- Comb wheel diameter: 2.99 m (9.8 ft) with 53 combs
- Base outer width: 14 m (46 ft)
- Milling cycles: 3 + 1 roller mill
- Floors: 9
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gable stone of the "Rijn en Son" windmill from 1745
- ↑ Description with photos of the mill and the new gable stone of the current windmill "Rijn en Zon" from 1913
- ^ JG Buis: Archeologische en Bouwhistorische Kroniek van de gemeente Utrecht 1926-1972 (1978)
See also
literature
- JG Buis: Archeologische en Bouwhistorische Kroniek van de gemeente Utrecht 1926-1972 (1978), pages 33-39; ISBN 9-054790105 .
